初中英语常用构词法归纳1.合成法合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。

1）名词+名词→名词basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业2) 形容词+名词→名词black（黑色的）+board（木板）→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man（人）→ Englishman英国人loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器3) 介词+名词→名词（或形容词）after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的4) 名词+过去分词→形容词man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的5) 名词（形容词）+名词+ed→形容词glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词in(里面)+side(边) →inside在down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下2. 派生法派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。

它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。

后缀（后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义）：1）动词或形容词+er/or →名词write v.写→writer n.作者travel v. 旅行→traveler n.旅客foreign adj.外国的→foreigner n.外国人invent v.发明→inventor n.发明家visit v. 参观→ visitor n.参观者2) 动词+(t)ion/sion →名词invent v.发明→invention n.发明operate v.做手术→operation n.手术decide v.决定→ decision决定attend v. 注意/参加→ attention注意3) 动词+ing/ed →名词或形容词build v. 建筑→building n.建筑物interest v.使感兴趣→interesting/interested adj.有趣的please v.使高兴→pleased adj.高兴的4) 名词+ese →名词和形容词China n.中国→Chinese n.中国人adj.汉语的Japan n. 日本→Japanese n. 日本人adj.日语的5) 名词或动词+ ful →形容词help n. 帮助→helpful adj有帮助的use n. 使用→ useful adj. 有用的6) 动词+able →形容词enjoy v. 喜欢→enjoyable. adj.有趣的forget v. 忘记→ forgettable adj. 容易被忘的7) 名词+en →形容词wool n. 羊毛→woolen adj.羊毛的wood n. 木材→wooden adj.木制的8) 名词+y →形容词sun n. 太阳→sunny adj.灿烂的cloud n. 云→ cloudy adj.多云的luck n. 运气→ lucky adj.运气好的noise n. 响声→noisy adj.喧闹的smell n. 味道,气味→smelly adj. 有使人难受的气味的,臭的9）形容词+ly →副词happy adj 高兴的→happily adv. 高兴地wide adj. 宽广的→widely adv. 宽广地10) 形容词+ness →名词good adj. 好的→goodness n.好意kind adj. 善良的→kindness n.和蔼happy adj. 开心的→happiness n. 开心11) 名词+ly →形容词friend n. 朋友→friendly adj.友好的love n. 爱→lovely adj.可爱的12) 名词+ less →形容词（词义与加ful相反）care + less→careless adj. 粗心的help + less→helpless adj. 无助的13) 名词+ al →形容词nation n.民族→national adj. 的education n.教育→educational adj.教育性的tradition n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的14) 名词+ ist →名词science n.科学→scientist n.科学家piano n.钢琴→pianist n.钢琴家tour n. 旅游,观光旅行→tourist n. 旅行者，观光客15) 动词+ ment →名词develop v.发展→development n.发展agree v.同意→agreement n. 同意，一致, 协议argue v. 争论，辩论→argument n. 争吵；论据16) 形容词+ ity →名词able adj. 能够的→ability n.能力，才能possible adj.可能的→possibility n. 可能性real adj. 真的,真实的→reality n. 现实,实际,真实17) 名词+ous →形容词danger n.危险→dangerous adj.危险的18) 名词+ish →形容词fool n. 愚人，傻瓜→foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的child n.孩子→childish adj.孩子气的，幼稚的book n. 书→bookish adj.书生气的19) 形容词或名词+en →动词wide adj. 广泛的,宽阔的→widen v. 弄宽sharp adj. 锋利的,急剧的→sharpen v. 使...尖锐,变为锐利fright n. 惊吓→frighten v. 使惊吓, 害怕，惊恐20) 名词或形容词+ify →动词beauty n.美丽→beautify v. 美化,变美,修饰simple adj.简单的→simplify v. 简化,使单纯21) 形容词+ize →动词real adj. 真的，真实的→realize v.了解, 实现, 察觉;领悟memory n.记忆力→memorize v.记忆22) 动词+tive →形容词act v. 行为,行动→active adj. 积极的,主动的attract v. 吸引,有吸引力→attractive adj. 有吸引力的,引起注意的23）动词+ess →名词（女性）host v.主持,做东→hostess n. 女主人act v. 行动,扮演→actress n. 女演员wait v.等待,等候→waitress n. 女侍者,女服务员前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）：1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)happy (高兴的) → unhappy（不高兴的）like (像) → unlike（不像）2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)possible (可能的) → impossible（不可能的）polite → impolite3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)active →inactivecomplete→incomplete 不完全的4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)honest →dishonestagree →disagreeadvantage优势→disadvantage不利,不利条件5) mis- (表示错误)understand →misunderstand(误解)mistake (错误), misuse (误用)6) re- (再，重复)tell 叙述→ retell复述build 建筑→ rebuild 重建write →rewrite7) bi- (两个、双边的)bicycle 自行车, bicolor 双色的8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)interview,international, internet9) tele- (远)telephone,television10) kilo- (千)meter 米→kilometer 公里，千米gram 克→kilogram 千克11) micro- (微，小)microwave oven 微波炉microcomputer 微型电脑12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)subway 地铁，sub-zero 零度以下的，subcollege 准大学程度的，subworker 助手，副手，suboffice 分办事处，3. 转化法在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实现词类的转化。

1) 名词→动词rain n.雨→rain v.下雨shop n. 商店→shop v.购物water n.水→water v.浇水land n.陆地→land v.着陆name n.名字→name v.命名[注意] 不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。

如：answer（回答），change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。

2）形容词→动词last adj.最后的last v.持续tidy adj.整洁的tidy v.使整洁own adj.自己的own v.拥有3) 形容词→名词back adj.后面的back n.背部，后面light adj.明亮的light n.灯4) 动词→名词stop v.停止stop n.车站lift v.举起lift n.电梯[注意] ①词形不变，读音的差别（字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词）use v.使用use n.用途excuse v.原谅excuse n.借口②词形改变的转化：live v.生活life n.生活fill v.装满full adj.满的save v.救safe adj.安全的enter v.进入entrance n.入口处different adj.不同的difference n.不同之处注意：形容词---名词important--importancedifferent—difference练习：1．– Is there a bridge over the river?– Yes, there is ______ bridge over it.A. a 800-metres-longB. an 800-metres-longC. a 800-metre-longD. an 800-metre-long2．----Do you know the result of the ________ race?----Yes. The winner is a boy ________ Lin Feng from Class 4.A. 100-metres, calledB. 100-metre; callingC. 100-metre; calledD.100-metres, calling3．There are many shops on ______ side of the busy street.A. everyB. eachC. bothD. all4．The soft music sounds ________. We are all listening ________.A. happily; carefulB. beautifully; carefullyC. moving; carefulD. beautiful; carefully5．It has been sunny these days, so I ______ it ______ tomorrow.A. think , won’t rainB. don’t think, will rainC. think ,doesn’t rainD. don’t think , rains6．His failure made his father think him a ___________ boy.A. disappointB. disappointedC. disappointingD. disappointment7．I can’t go _____ because I have to go home at once.A. to somewhere elseB. anywhere elseC. somewhere elseD. to else anywhere 8．should not be allowed to go out at night.A. Twelve-years-oldB. Twelve-year-oldsC. Twelve year old C. Twelve year old9．There was _____ woman in the room, sitting and looking at me in the dark.A. a 80-year-oldB. an 80-year-oldC. a 80-years-oldD. an 80-years-old10．Tom is a _______ person. He thinks no one can be successful without ________. A. hard-working, hard work B. hard-working, work hardC. working-hard, hard workD. working-hard, work hard11．---Our club has just finished an _______ documentary.---Really? Can I have a quick look at it now?A.10-minutes longB. 8-minutes longC. 10-minute-longD. 8-minute-long 12．Jane is high school student in the United States.A.a 18-year-oldB.a 18-years-oldC. an 18-year-oldD. 18-years-old根据短文容和首字母提示，在空格处填入适当的词使文章完整。