七年级八班英语基础知识(时态)复习资料(2008-06-02 15:46:12)七年级八班英语基础知识(时态)复习资料姓名__________________ 学号____________________I一般现在时一般现在时是表示现阶段经常、习惯的动作或存在的状态。
•一般现在时的判断:(1)当句中用到副词often, usually, sometimes或always等,同时该句子中无表示在过去或将来的吋间状语时,那么这个句子通常用一般现在吋。
The student often plays basketball at school. My fi*iends always help me with my English . Sometimes Jim plays the piano after lunch.(2)―般现在时常和类似every day, in the morning, on Sundays, at eight o,clock in the morning 等具有周期性的时间状语连用。
如;Julia watches TV every night. Mike gets up late in the morning.(3)—般表示某人或某物现阶段的特征、性质。
能力等以及现实社会和自然界中客观现象,包括真理性的内容时,用一般现在时句了表达。
The girl is beautiful, she works in a shop as a shop assistant.The pandas live in Sichuan, they eat bamboo leaves.• 一般现在吋的谓语结构可分为三类:系表结构谓语(即be动词+表语(多为adj形容词)), 实义动词的谓语动词和情态动词+动词原形的谓语动词。
(1)be动词+表语该谓语结构通常用于表主语的状态。
E.g.: She is a student. She is beautiful. I'm from Agang. But my fiiends are fiom Luoping .(2)实义动词谓语该谓语结构通常用于表主语的动作。
A.当句子主语为笫三人称单数形式时,实义动词用笫三人称单数形式。
E.g. My English teacher lives near our school. Bob speak French, and he likes Chinese food.She wants to be a teacher when she is older. Jim likes eating broccoli and potatoes.•当主语为第三人称单数形式时,变成一般疑问句要用does來引导,变成否定句要借助doesn't来引导。
这时要注意docs和doesn't后的单数谓语动词要用动词原形。
E.g. : This boy often plays computer games after school.变为一般疑问句:Does this boy often play computer games after school.变为杏定彳U: This boy doesn't often play computer games after schoolB.当句子主语为非第三人称单数形式吋,实义动词谓语动词用动词原形。
E.g.: we come fiom Australia. And we speak English .fheir parents work in Shanghai.(3)含情态动词的谓语动词结构情态动词是表示情态,语气等的一类动词。
我们学过或即将要学的情态动词有can, may, would, must (必须)和should (应该)等。
相关概念补充。
(1)第三人称单数形式主语:一般旬了rfl单个的人(除I , you夕卜)如人名,yourfriend/mother 等,单个的物或不可数名词,代词he, she, it以及指示代词this, thato(2)非第三人称单数形式主语:一般由I , you及复数名词,复数代词(we, you, they, these, those),或and连接的两个并列主语就是非第三人称单数形式主语。
(3)动词第三人称单数形式的构成:%1.一般动词后加s 构成。
如:likes, plays, enjoys, reads, speaks, tells 等。
%1.一般一辅音字母+y结尾的动词将V变为再+“es”。
女U study—studieso%1.一般以s,x, ch, sh或以o结尾的单词,加es。
如watches, teaches, goes等。
%1.不规则的形式,如,have—has , be一is/arc等注意:一般名词后加宦或“肘表示的是复数形式,用于当要表示一名词的复数概念时。
而一般动词后加“s”或表示的是第三人称单数形式用于当主语是第三人称单数形式时,从而使得句子的主谓保持一致。
如:There are some potatoes on the table. What animals do you like?My father is a teacher, he teaches English . He usually gets up at seven o'clock in themorning .•可数名词和不可数名词的应用-般表示人,事物,时间,地点及抽象概念的名词的着一类词就叫名词。
名词通常可分为普通名词和专有名词俩人类。
普通名词乂可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词(cn)的运用可数名词是指冇生命的,冇一定整体的,可以用数目计算的这一类名词。
如,potato, strawberry, egg,等,可数名词又分为单数形式和复数形式两种。
单数形式可数名词表示可数名词数冃为“1"时的形式,直接川原形表示;复数形式名词则表示数冃大于“1"时,含冇若干个体时的形式,复数可数名词一般由可数名词的原形后加s或es构成。
•可数名词在句中一•般不能直接、单独(除表示学科、球类、三餐饭和季节等少数名词外) 用于句中。
具体又包括下而两点:(1)如果可数名词作单数形式用于句中时,前一般冇冠词(a, an或the)代词(this, that, my, his, our, her, their等)或名词所冇格修饰。
如果肓按'光溜溜“地被肓接用于句中是错误的。
如:我是学生,我有尺子,铅笔和闹钟。
译为:I'm a student. I have a ruler, a pencil and an alarm clock.(2)如果可数名词作复数形式被使用时,前一般有冠词the,代词(there, my, some等) 或名词所冇格等修饰。
如果没冇,该复数可数名词往往表示一类人或事物。
如:look, these photos arc in my bag. I like bananas. They would like some dumplings.⑶表示学科(如math, science) >球类、季节(如summer, winter等)及农示三餐的breakfast, lunch, supper等在句中应用时,如不是特指-•般都直接用,両不用加冠词,代词或复数形式。
如:We study English, math science, biology, and so on(等等).and science is my favorite subject.——What animals do you like?——I like elephants. Because they are cute.——Do you have a pen? -—Yes, I do. This dog is very lovely.可数名词变复数的规则如F:%1一般情况直接加“s"。
photos, bags, animals, elephants, koalas, musicians...etc.%1以"o"字母结尾的除了"黑人(negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)" 加"es"外,其他都加"s"。
女口:tomatoes, photos 等。
%1一般以辅音字母加y接尾的单词,先变y为i在加es ,如:library—libraries, family…familieso等。
以元音字母加y结尾的则直接加s,如boy—boys, toy一toys。
%1以 f 和fe 结尾的,先变f 和fe 为v,再加es,如thief—thieves, leaf—leaves, scarf—scarfs &scarves, giraffe■一giraffes.•另外要注意一些单复数相同的可数名词。
如Chinese, Japanese, people...etc.•还有一些名词的不规则变法,如:man-一men, woman一-women, policeman■一policemen. policewoman■一policemen, child■一children...etc・• II.现在进行时现在进行时是表示现在、说话瞬间或当前一直在做着的动作。
由be动词+现在分词构成。
现在进行时的判断⑴一般句屮用到表示"在现在”的时间状语,如:now, right now (正好此刻),at the moment (在现在)或“itis+儿点钟”句型,常判断用现在进行时。
It's six o'clock. The children arc playing basketball.(2)当句中用到"listen! ”Took! ”,“be quiet”等提示语,表明说话瞬间另一个动作正在进行, 句了用现在进行时。
如Be quite, the kid is sleeping.Look, he is playing football in the playground. Listen, he is singing a song.Ifs nine o'clock, he is doing her homework. My mother is cleaning the bedroom now.What is she doing?——she is listening to music.⑶现在进行时也常用来表当前一肓在做着的动作,这时句屮常用these days, all the time (—* 直)等时间状语。