实验四：数据库的各类数据查询操作一、实验目的掌握SQL程序设计基本规范，熟练运用SQL语言实现数据的各种查询和设计，包括连接查询、嵌套查询、集合查询等。

二、实验内容和要求针对KingbaseES数据库设计单个表针对自身的连接查询，设计多个表的连接查询；设计各种嵌套查询和集合查询。

了解和掌握SQL查询语句各个子句的特点和作用，按照SQL程序设计规范写出具体的SQL查询语句，并调试通过。

三、实验步骤连接查询1. 查询每个学生及其选修课程的情况:select student.*, sc.* from student, sc where student.sno=sc.sno比较: 笛卡尔集: select student.*, sc.* from student, sc自然连接: select student.sno, sname, ssex, sdept, cno, grade from student, sc where student.sno=sc.sno2. 查询每一门课程的间接先行课(只求两层即先行课的先行课):select o, Second.pcno 间接先行课from course First, course Second where First.pcno=o比较:select o, Second.pcno 间接先行课from course First, course Second where First.pcno=o and Second.pcno is not null3. 列出所有学生的基本情况和选课情况, 若没有选课,则只列出基本情况信息:SQL Server 中: select s.sno, sname, ssex,sdept, cno, grade from student s, sc sc where s.sno*=sc.sno4. 查询每个学生的学号, 姓名, 选修的课程名和成绩:select S.sno, sname, cname, grade from student S, course C, sc SC where S.sno=SC.sno and o=o5. 查询平均成绩在80分以上的学生姓名Select sname from student，sc where student.sno=sc.sno GROUP BY sc.snoHAVING AVG(sc.grade)>80;高级查询使用带IN谓词的子查询1.查询与’刘晨’在同一个系学习的学生的信息:select * from student where sdept in(select sdept from student where sname='刘晨')比较: select * from student where sdept =(select sdept from student where sname='刘晨') 的异同比较: select * from student where sdept =(select sdept from student where sname='刘晨') and sname<>'刘晨' 比较: select S1.* from student S1, student S2 where S1.sdept=S2.sdept and S2.sname='刘晨'2.查询选修了课程名为’信息系统’的学生的学号和姓名:SQL Server中: select sno, sname from student where sno in(select sno from sc where cno in(select cno from course where cname='信息系统'))3.查询选修了课程’1’和课程’2’的学生的学号:select sno from student where sno in (select sno from sc where cno='1')and sno in (select sno from sc where cno='2') 比较: 查询选修了课程’1’或课程’2’的学生的sno:select sno from sc where cno='1' or cno='2'比较连接查询:select A.sno from sc A, sc B where A.sno=B.sno and o='1' ando='2'使用带比较运算的子查询1.查询比’刘晨’年龄小的所有学生的信息:select * from student where sage<(select sage from student where sname='刘晨')使用带Any, All谓词的子查询2.查询其他系中比信息系(IS)某一学生年龄小的学生姓名和年龄;select sname, sage from student where sage <Any(select sage from student where sdept='IS')and sdept<>'IS'3.查询其他系中比信息系(IS)学生年龄都小的学生姓名和年龄:select sname, sage from student where sage <ALL(select sage from student where sdept='IS')and sdept<>'IS'4.查询与计算机系(CS)系所有学生的年龄均不同的学生学号, 姓名和年龄:select sno,sname,sage from student where sage<>all(select sage from student where sdept='CS')使用带Exists谓词的子查询和相关子查询5.查询与其他所有学生年龄均不同的学生学号, 姓名和年龄:select sno,sname,sage from student A where not exists(select * from student B where A.sage=B.sage andA.sno<>B.sno)6.查询所有选修了1号课程的学生姓名:select sname from student where exists(select * from sc where sno=student.sno and cno='1')7.查询没有选修了1号课程的学生姓名:select sname from student where not exists(select * from sc where sno=student.sno and cno='1')8.查询选修了全部课程的学生姓名:select sname from student where not exists(select * from course where not exists( select * from sc where sno=student.sno and cno=o))12. 查询至少选修了学生95002选修的全部课程的学生的学号:select distinct sno from sc A where not exists(select * from sc B where sno='95002'and not exists(select * from sc C where sno=A.sno and cno=o))13. 求没有人选修的课程号cno和cnamecname:select cno,cname from course C where not exists(select * from sc where o=o )14. 查询满足条件的(sno,cno)对, 其中该学号的学生没有选修该课程号cno 的课程select sno,cno from student,course where not exists(select * from sc where cno=o and sno=student.sno)15. 查询每个学生的课程成绩最高的成绩信息(sno,cno,grade):select * from sc A where grade=(select max(grade) from sc where sno=A.sno )集合查询1. 查询数学系和信息系的学生的信息;select * from student where sdept='MA' union select * from student where sdept='IS'2. 查询选修了1号课程或2号课程的学生的学号:select sno from sc where cno='1'Unionselect sno from sc where cno='2'思考：1. 连接查询速度是影响关系数据库性能的关键因素。

请讨论如何提高连接查询速度，并进行实验验证。

2. 试分析不相关子查询和相关子查询的区别。

3. 试分析什么类型的查询只能用嵌套查询实现？。