Unit 6 Is an Only-Child a Lonely Child?1.Many couples, who already have one healthy, happy child, are facing a dilemma,namely, the issue of whether or not to have a second child. They have demanding jobs and limited time and financial resources, but they are also very keen to ensure that their only child does not become a lonely child. So, what are the pros and cons of having a second child?Is an only child a lonely child? That is what so many couples are very much concerned about and eager to understand.2.The issue of whether to have a second child is one of the most difficult issues thatparents nowadays face. A concern that is often heard with regard to single child is whether one child necessarily means a lonely child. Many single-child parents feel a stigma associated with their decision to have only one child.There are no other children in the family for the child to associate with, and this may lead to the child feeling lonely at times,especially during vacations.3.Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be morespoiled than one with siblings.Many people believe that a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships. Some think this may leave the child less capable of interacting well with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with siblings.4.Despite these arguments, the number of parents choosing to have only one child isincreasing in many parts of the world. In the US, for example, 14 percent of women between18 and 34 plan to have just one child, and this percentage is expected to rise. The same trendcan be seen in the UK. According to the Family Policy Studies Center, the overall number of British children being born each year has declined. In Japan, the average number of children born per family had declined to 1.42 by 1996, while latest statistics cite less than one child.This has led to government concerns about supporting an increasing population of elderly people in the future; it is predicted that, by 2020, a third of the population in Japan will be aged 65 or over.5.For some single-child parents, particularly those with busy careers, the pressures ofdevoting time and energy to a second child can seem too overwhelming, resulting in them electing to have no more children. For other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration. According to government surveys, many couples in Japan choose not to have large families as the cost of supporting a child up to the age of 18 is estimated to be around 20 million yen, equivalent to around US $160,000.6.Advocates of single-child families argue that there are advantages for the child as wellas the parents. With just one child, they suggest, there is no potential for family arguments arising from favoritism or sibling jealousy. Moreover, with only one child, the parents can give, and the child can receive, more quality timeand attention. This often leads to increased self-esteem which, combined with increased independence, can lead to the child being more confident.7.Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have asecond child. The circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique,and what is appropriate for one family may not be for another. The important thing, in the end, is to makea decision that both you and your spouse feel confident about.Paragraph 1Words and Expressions1. dilemma n.a situation in which it is difficult to decide what to do, because each choice has its advantages and disadvantagese.g. The bad weather put us in a dilemma whether to leave or stay.Collocation:be in a dilemmae.g. I’m in a dilemma about this job offer.我不知道是否要接受这份工作。

2. issue n.a subject or problem that is often discussed or argued aboute.g. Unemployment is not the issue — the real problem is the decline in public morality.I just got a raise, so money’s no longer an issue.Collocation:raise the issue: say that a problem should be discussede.g. We should raise the issue of discrimination with the council.Synonyms:subject, problem3. demanding a.needing a lot of ability, effort, or skille.g. Climbing is physically demanding, while studying is mentally demanding.Many people agree that teaching is a demanding profession.Derivation:demand n.& v.4. keen adj. interested in sth. or eager to do ite.g. John is a keen photographer.Collocations:be keen on sth.e.g.Daniel’s very keen on tennis.be keen to do sth.e.g.She’s out of hospital and keen to get back to work.Synonyms:interested, eagerDerivation:keenness n.5. concerned adj. worried about somethinge.g. Concerned parents approached the school about the problem.Collocations:be concerned aboute.g. Ross has never been particularly concerned about what other people think of him.be concerned fore.g. Rescuers are concerned for the safety of two men trapped in the mine.be concerned thate.g.He’s concerned that he won’t get his money back.Derivations:concern n.& v.concerning prep.Sentences:the pros and cons of having a second child (Paragraph 1)Explanation: the pros and cons: the advantages and disadvantagese.g. Before we make a decision, we must weigh up the pros and cons.After hours’ discussion, everybody at the meeting could see clearly the pros and consof the proposal.Paraphrase: the advantages and disadvantages of having one more childTranslation:生育第二个孩子的利与弊Paragraphs 2-3Words and Expressions6. concern n. a feeling of worry about sth. important; sth. that worries youe.g. His main concern is to be able to provide for his family.Collocation:concern about / overe.g. There is growing concern about the effects of pollution on health.concern for sb.e.g. A government spokesman expressed concern for the lives of the hostages.7. stigma n. a mark of shame or disgrace; a shameful feeling or reputatione.g. There is a strong stigma attached to suicide.In the past divorce and single parenthood carried a stigma.离异和单亲家庭在过去是令人感到羞耻的。