2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解PartⅠReading Comprehension(2×20=40分)Directions:In this part for the test,there will be5passages for you to read.Each passage is followed by4questions or unfinished statements,and eachquestion or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A,B,C and D.You are to decide on the best choice by blackening thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneJustice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty.Because justice is regarded as one form of equality,we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime.Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression“an eye for an eye,and a tooth for a tooth.”That is,the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society.To make up for his offence,society must get even.This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him.This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times.It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder.This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel.He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed.The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteractthis denial and restore the self that has been denied.To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt.The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due.Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice.The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it.It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him.The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society.Before a treatment can be administered,the course of his antisocial behavior must be found.If the cause can be removed,provisions must be made to have this done.Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of the society.This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime.It means that justice is to heal the individual,not simply to get even with him.If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accompanying this,it should be administered.However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society.His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.1.The best title for this passage is_____.A.Fitting Punishment to the CrimeB.Approaches to Just PunishmentC.Improvement in Legal JusticeD.Attaining Justice in the Courts2.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the_____.A.type of crime that was provenB.severity of the punishmentC.reason for the sentenceD.outcome of the trial3.The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be_____.A.forced labourB.imprisonmentC.fair sentenceD.the electric chair4.The Biblical expression“an eye for an eye,and a tooth for a tooth”was presented in order to_____.A.prove that equality demands just punishmentB.justifies the need for punishment as a part of lawC.give moral backing to retributive justiceD.show that man has long been interested in justice【答案与解析】1.B主旨大意题。

通读全文，文章开头第一句“Justice in society must include both a fairtrial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty（社会公平必须包括对被告公正的审判和对罪犯选择适当的量刑）”为主旨句，可判定本文中心内容为：保证公正审判的方法，故答案为B。

2.C推理判断题。

第一段重点介绍了报复性司法（retributive justice）的观点，它认为“justice is regarded as one form of equality（司法公正是一种平等的形式）”，也就是说，如果罪犯对社会造成了伤害，那么社会也应当对罪犯施以同样的伤害；文章第二段重点介绍了矫正正义理论（corrective justice），其中提到“The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it...The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society.”，主张在维护公平的前提下帮助罪犯改正。

所以两者之间的基本差异应为：判刑的原因，故选C。