一倍数表达法是历届高考的热点。
当我们要表达甲是乙的几倍时,通常可使用以下句型:1. 倍数+ as + 形容词或副词的原级+ as + 其他。
这种结构又常演变成下列两类:①倍数+ as + many + 可数名词复数+ as;②倍数+ as +much + 不可数名词+ as。
如:There are seven times as many people as I expected.是我预料的人数的七倍。
There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。
2. 倍数+ 形容词(或副词)的比较级+ than + 其他。
如:The hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅的面积比我们教室大五倍。
3. 倍数+ the size / height / length / width. etc. + of + 其他。
如:This road is six times the length of that one. 这条路是那条路的六倍长。
4. 计量名词+ of + 名词+ be +倍数+ that + of + 其他。
如:The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。
5. 倍数+what从句。
如:The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
6. 倍数+ more + 名词+ than +其他。
如:There are nine times more books in his bag than in yours.他书包里的书比你书包里的书多九倍。
7. 其他表达。
如:She’s twice/ double my age. 她的年龄是我的两倍。
The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year.与去年相比,该单位职工的收入已增加了50%。
He runs faster than me by three times. 他跑得比我快三倍。
【考查方向】1)倍数在句中的位置一般放在第一个as前面或比较级前面或名词前面。
2)用times表示倍数时,一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上的数。
表示两倍可以用twice或double,一倍用once。
二、重要的比较结构用法归纳1. as…as 结构。
该结构的意思是“与…一样”,其间应接形容词原级,不能用比较级或最高级。
如:He is as tall as his father. 他与他父亲一样高。
He is as busy as before. 他还是像以前那样忙。
在否定句中第一个as也可换成so,其意为“不如”:He is not as [so] tall as his father. 他不如他父亲高。
He is not as [so] busy as before. 他不像以前那样忙。
2. more and more与the more…, the more…:前者表示“越来越……”,后者表示“越……,越……”。
如:Our country is getting more and more powerful. 我们国家越来越强大。
The more we get together, the happier we will be. 人聚得越多,我们越快活。
3. more than 与less than:前者“(指数量)多于”、“不只是”、“非常”等,后者表示“少于”、“比……少”。
如:I’ve known him for more than 10 years. 我已认识他10多年了。
He is more than a father to her. 他待她胜过父亲。
She was more than kind to us. 她对我们很友好。
It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我买它没要上10英镑。
She eats less than she should. 她吃得比她应该吃的少。
4. more …than 与less…than:前者表示“比……多,比……更”,后者表示“比……少,不如……”。
如:He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。
He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。
I got less money than the others did. 我比别人得到的钱少。
注:两者均可表示“与其……不如”,但词序不同。
如:He is less a teacher than an expert. / He is more an expert than a teacher. / He is not so much a teacher as an expert. 与其说他是老师,不如说他是专家。
5. “no+比较级+than”结构:这类结构的实际意思是对待比较的两个对象进行否定,相当于该原级形容词或副词使用as…as结构的意思。
如no better than = as bad as,意为“与……一样不好”,no faster than = as slow as,意为“与……一样不快”,no taller than = as short as,意为“与……一样不高”等。
6. no more than与not more than:两者均可表示数量,前者表示“仅仅”、“只有”(= only),强调少;而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”(= at most)。
如:It is no more than five miles to the station. 去车站只有5英里。
It is not more than five miles to the station. 去车站最多5英里。
二、使用比较等级的三点注意1. 使用比较等级的基本原则:不作比较用原级,两者比较用比较级,多者比较用最高级。
如:He is very tall. 他很高。
(尽管“很高”,但没有比较,故用原级)He is very short, but taller than me. 他很矮,但比我高。
Among the three short girls, Mary is the tallest. 在这三个矮姑娘中,玛丽是最高的。
2. 不能使用双重比较等级:即构成比较级时不能既在词尾加-er,又在其前加more;构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est,又在其前加most。
如:误:His English is more better than mine.正:His English is much better than mine. 他的英语比我的英语好多了。
虽不能说more better, most earliest 之类的,但可用“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式:It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和了。
The city is becoming more and more beautiful.这个城市变得越来越美丽了。
3. 使用比较等级要合乎逻辑。
请看下面两道题:(1) Her music is more beautiful than ______.A. meB. youC. usD. his此题应选D,其中的his=his music。
因为从逻辑上说,应该是her music与his music作比较,而不是her music与me, you, us比较。
(2) China is larger than ______ country in Asia.A. anyB. otherC. any otherD. any others此题应选C,因为China也在Asia范围内,所以应在any后加上other,以排除自己比自己大的不合理逻辑。
◆典型陷阱题分析◆1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.A. a betterB. a bestC. the betterD. the best【陷阱】容易误选D,认为最高级前要用定冠词。
【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A,该句可视为…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略,全句句意为“她唱得多好啊!我从未听过她这么好的声音”。
请再看以下类似的实例:He is fine, never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。
This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱,我从未见过这样好看的鸟。
比较以下试题,情形也大致相同:(1) “I’ve never found a better job.” “_______.”A. I don’t think soB. Too badC. CongratulationsD. Don’t worry答案选C,I’ve never found a better job可视为I’ve ne ver found a better job than this job 之省略,句意为:我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作,即这是我所找到的最好的工作。
(2) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, ______. We couldn’t have found a better place.”A. too badB. sorryC. wonderfulD. impossible答案选C。
We couldn’t have found a be tter place 可视为We couldn’t have found a better place than this place,其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好的地方”,即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。
(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.A. a highB. a higherC. the higherD. the highest答案选B,句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”,即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。