职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524-751、A New Doctors' DilemmaWhen Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donor gave his or her heart, he or she would obviously and necessarily die (or be dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival of the donor were somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless, the donor would certainly not necessarily die.Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be thesame person?", or "If doctors needed a dying person's heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?", and so on. Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher or proportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand for transplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.However, as a result of the heavy demand for organs, a new moral dilemma has emerged. For example, in the United States there are many people who would survive iflungs were available for transplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donor is found. In these circumstances who would decide if a donor were found whose lungs were equally suitable for two potential recipients?This problem is made worse by the fact that many patients, or their families, become desperate to find a donor. Some succeed in publicizing their situation in newspapers, to politicians or on television. Sometimes, as a result, suitable donors are found. But what would happen if another patient needed the organ more than the one who got the publicity? Who would decide if the other patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctors?Or the donor? Or the family who got the publicity? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve and it would be a matter of life or death to the patients involved. According to the passage, the new moral dilemma is the result of____.【单选题】A.a higher proportion of successful operations.B.too few human organs for too many potential recipients.C.the argument whether some delicate organs should be transplanted.D.so many failures in organ transplanting.正确答案:B答案解析:由第4段第1句话可以得出，对器官的需求量大、供不应求导致出现新的难题，因此选B。

2、A Country's Standard of LivingThe "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services the country produces.A country's standard of living, therefore, depends first on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods such as food and clothing", and "services" such as transport and entertainment.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some region of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate, other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use, China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, For this and other reasons it was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, to produce more wealth than other country.A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural ____ would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus (剩余的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products which would otherwise be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, providing that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.【单选题】anizationsB.resourcesC.productsbors正确答案:C答案解析:本题有一定难度，干扰项干扰较大，要认真阅读原文。