代词(一)人称代词一、概念人称代词是表示我、你、他/她/它、我们、你们和(他/她/它)们的词。
人称代词有人称、格和数的变化,具体见下表:二、人称代词的用法1.一般情况下,人称代词的主格作主语,放在句子的开头。
I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。
(I是主语)You are 10 years old. 你10岁了。
(You 是主语)He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
(He是主语)It is hot today. 今天天气热。
(It是主语)2.宾格作宾语,通常放在动词,如:let, like, help,give,ask等的后面;或介词,如:for, to, of,at等的后面。
Let’s go .(let’s =let us)Can you help me?你能帮我吗?(me是宾语)The cake is for you. 这个蛋糕是给你的。
(you是宾语)在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或用在not后,多用宾格。
—I like English.—Me too.—Who broke the window?—Me.(me作表语= It's me.)Why not me?(为什么不是我?)3.作表语,口语中常用宾格—Who is that?—It's me. 是谁啊?是我。
(me是表语)三、注意1.人称代词I无论放在句首、句中或句尾,都要大写。
2.人称代词she除了指女性“她”之外,还可以指祖国、月亮等拟人的东西。
表示一种亲密或爱抚的感情。
如:I love my country. She is great.The moon is in the sky. She is round and bright.四、It的特殊用法1.一般情况下,it表示人以外的动物和东西,是单数名词的代词,译为“它”。
Where is your car?It is over there. 你的小汽车在哪儿?(它)在那边。
2.但在表示天气、时间、距离等时,用it来代替,此时的it,并不译为“它”。
1)指天气:It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。
2)指气候:It's cold in this room. 这个房间很冷。
3)指时间:What time is it?It's six thirty. 几点了?六点半了。
4)指距离:—How far is it from here to the park?从这儿到公园有多远?—It's about two miles. 大约是二英里。
3.“ it ” 有时也可指人。
It's me. Open the door, please.五、并列人称代词的排列顺序:1、单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第→人称如:you,he,and I2、复数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称we→you→they★注意:如果是做错事,承担责任时,说话的人把I放在第一位。
Who broke the window?谁打碎了玻璃?I and Li Ming.我和李明。
(二)物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。
物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,物主代词也有人称和数的变化,见下表:形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词,表示是属于谁的东西。
如:I love my country.而名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相单于对应的形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。
如:Is this your book? No, it isn’t,it’s hers(her book) /Jim’s /Tom’s/Maria’sThis is her book. = This book is hers.(三)指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。
指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
this(复数形式是these),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。
that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。
This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.I am busy these days. (我这些日子很忙。
)That is a red car.What do you like? I like this.(四)反身代词反身代词是表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词。
第一人称第二人称第三人称第三人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself复数ourselves yourselves themselves themselves themselves 如:She was talking to herself.她自言自语。
I am teaching myself computer. 我自学计算机。
Take good care of yourself. 把自己照顾好。
You should ask the children themselves. 你应该问一问孩子们自己。
Enjoy yourself.玩的愉快。
(五)疑问代词疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用于询问“何人”“何物”“什么”。
现阶段常用的疑问代词有who(谁),whose(谁的),which(哪一个),what (什么)。
如:Who are they? 他们是谁?Whose football is this? 这是谁的足球?What is that? 那是什么?(六)不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
先阶段主要接触的不定代词有some, any, no, something, anyone, nobody, every, each, all, many, much, few, little等。
1.some, any和no的用法辨析some和any 都有一些的意思,no表示“没有”的意思。
Some通常用于肯定句中,any 常用于否定句或疑问句中,no用在肯定句中表示否定的意思。
如:There is some water on the table. 桌上有些水。
I have no money. 我没有钱。
There aren’t any students in the classroom. 教室里一个学生也没有。
2.both 和all的用法辨析both表示“两者都”的意思,谓语动词常用复数。
All 表示“三者或三者以上都”的意思,后接复数名词时,谓语动词用复数,当后接不可数名词时,谓语动词常用单数。
如:We both want to go shopping.我们两都想去购物。
All are agreed. 全体同意(all指全体成员,谓语动词用复数)3.much 和many 的用法辨析much 和many都是表示数量的不定代词,都有“许多”,“大量”的意思。
Much后面接不可数名词,many后接可数名词。
如:Do you have many good friends? 你有许多好朋友吗?4. a few和a little的用法辨析a few和a little表示数量的不定代,为肯定含义,都有“少数”“少量”的意思。
A few 后面接可数名词,a little 后面接不可数名词。
如:I ate a few apples and drank a little water. 我吃了几个苹果,喝了一点水。
课堂练习一、填写下面的表格。
二、用人称代词代替下单词或词组。
1.Mike 2.Mr White3.Tom and I 4.Joan and John 5.My father 6.the rabbit7.Miss White 8.Kate,Tim and I 9.Joan’s mother 10.their brother三、用所给代词的正确形式填空。
(每空1分,共5分)1. Let ________(I) help you!2. ________ (she) sister is a teacher.3. This is my book. ________ (you) is over there.4. Where is your mother? I can’t see________ (she)5. Are these desks in________ (they) classroom?四、选择适合的疑问代词填空。
A.Whose B. Which C. What D. When E. Who1.—________is she? —She’s our new teacher.2.—________ did you come back? —Last week.3.—________ pen is this? —It’s Tom’s4.—________do you often do on Sundays? —I often go fishing.5.—________food do you like best? —Cheese.五、单项选择。
()1.________will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.A. She, you and IB. You, she and IC. I, you and sheD. Her, me and you()2. My uncle bought a new bike for ________.A. theirsB. theyC. meD. I()3. She is a student, _____ name is Julia.A. itsB. herC. hersD. his()4. Could you help _____ with _______ English, please.A. I, myB. me, meC. me, myD. my, I()5. A friend of _____ came here yesterday.A. myB. mineC. meD. myself()6. ______ pencil-box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ______.A. Toms, my, heB. Tom's, mine, hisC. Tom's, mine, himD. Tom's, my, his()7. Most of ______like Chinese food.A. theyB. theirC. themD. theirs()8. Don't you let ____ help you ?A. I and my friendB. my friend and IC. my friend and meD. my friend and I to()9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _______ .A. IB. meC. myD. mine()10. That's not ______, it is_______. I made it ______ .A. ours, mine, myselfB. your, mine, myselfC. yours, her, myselfD. yours, my, myself。