语法填空一、基础检测According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years________(long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long________(see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________（die）early by running.While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be)more effective at lengthening life ________walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ……It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to ________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give________a try.二、语法填空考点1提示词类填空(一)词性转换1.如果提示词在句中作定语(修饰名词)、作表语(跟在系动词后)或作宾补(表示宾语的性质状态),要用其形容词形式。
注意区分以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词。
典例1 (2018课标全国Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always69 (energy).解析设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。
2.如果提示词在句中修饰动词或动词短语,修饰形容词或副词,或是修饰整个句子,要用其副词形式。
典例2 (2018课标全国Ⅱ)A taste for meat is63 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个作用,就是用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。
本题考查副词。
此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形式actually。
3.如果提示词在句中作主语,在及物动词或介词(短语)后作宾语,前面有冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰,要用其名词形式。
典例3 (2016课标全国Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chi-nese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks.解析设空处之前有定冠词the修饰,其后有介词of,这里指“筷子的发展”,故填development。
实战演练（一）1. This switch has decreased(pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.答案pollution句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。
本题考查名词。
空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。
2.According to the World Bank, China ac-counts for about 30 percent of total (globe)fertilizer consump-tion.答案global句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。
本题考查形容词。
空格处作fertilizer con-sumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。
3.I’m a (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案scientist句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。
本题考查名词。
设空处作表语,说明主语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist。
4.The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案successful句意:伦敦中心地铁是这些线路中最成功的一条……。
most后跟形容词组成形容词的最高级,所以答案填suc-cessful。
5....it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers...答案fairly句意:……对于顾客来说那一定是相当令人不愉快的……。
此处用副词fairly修饰形容词unpleasant。
6. It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案certainly分析句子结构可知,此处缺少副词成分修饰形容词 fun。
故正确答案为 certainly。
7.(This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.答案introduction由空前的定冠词可知,此处需用名词形式,动词introduce去“e”加后缀-tion构成名词形式。
8.However, be (care) not to go to ex-tremes.答案careful结合句意及空格前的 be 可知此处应填入的是形容词,故此处应填入的是 care 的形容词形式 careful,故正确答案为 careful。
9.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual)turned into chopsticks.答案gradually设空处单词修饰后面的turned into,所以要用其副词形式。
(二)词形变换1.名词的单复数及所有格如果设空处需要用名词形式,这时要注意名词的单复数以及是否用其所有格形式。
典例1 (2018课标全国Ⅰ)...a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).解析cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。
2.代词的变化代词的种类繁多,包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词等,一般提示词为代词的主格,要求考生根据语境判断该空格应该使用代词的哪种形式。
侧重考查人称代词主格与宾格的用法、名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法以及反身代词的用法。
典例2 (2018课标全国Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find68 (they)alive.解析设空处指代从句中的the gorillas,以避免重复,故填them。
3.形容词和副词的比较等级题干中的than是比较级的标志词,还要注意上下文中隐藏的比较关系。
注意以下句式:the+比较级...,the+比较级...;the+比较级+of the two+名词;the+最高级。
常用来修饰比较级的有much, even, still, far, a little, a bit等。
典例3 (2018课标全国Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long)than non-run-ners.解析句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比非跑步者的寿命要长3年。
根据题干中的than 可知设空处须用副词比较级形式,故填longer。
实战演练（二）1.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,63)He screams the (loud)of all.答案loudest句意:它尖叫的声音最大。
本题考查副词最高级。
根据句意及本句中的“of all”可知设空处填副词最高级,故填loudest。
2.(2017课标全国Ⅰ,66)Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.答案worse句意:甚至更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的量增加了。
此处应表达的是“更糟的是”,故此处应填入 bad 的比较级 worse。
3.(2017课标全国Ⅱ,61)It ran for just under seven kilometers and al-lowed people to avoidterrible (crowd) on the roads above...答案crowds crowd 为可数名词,意为“人群”并且前面没有限定词,所以此处用复数形式crowds。