饮食文化各大菜系major styles of cooking / cuisine粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves （eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival）月饼moon cake蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums豆沙sweet bean paste蛋黄egg yolk咸蛋黄marinated egg yolk海鲜seafood扇贝scallop大葱scallion葱green onion肉馅minced meat鱼糜minced fillet虾糜minced shrimp饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling八宝饭8-treasure rice鲤鱼carp青鱼black carp草鱼grass carp欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp鲫鱼golden carp鲈鱼bass桂鱼Chinese perch石斑鱼garoupa三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon金枪鱼tuna鳕鱼cod年糕rice cake - year cake胡桃walnut饭票，餐券meal ticket涮羊肉thin slices of mutton for boiling in a hot pot芝麻sesame油条deep-fried dough sticks酱油soy sauce绿豆mung beans油饼deep-fried dough cake汤soup菜dish豆浆soybean milk盖交饭rice served with meat and veggies on top香菜cilantro （Chinese parsley cilantro/ coriander）粉丝glass noodles; vermicelli made from bean starch, etc.馒头steamed buns花卷steamed twisted rolls包子steamed stuffed buns肉包子steamed bun with meat filling肉馅meat filling豆沙包steamed bun filled with bean paste豆沙馅bean-paste filling春卷spring roll （a thin sheet of dough, stuffed, rolled and fried）包饺子making Chinese dumplings案板kneading board擀面杖rolling pin馅stuffing; filling面团儿dough饺子皮dumpling wrappers馄饨皮wonton wrappers网筛wire strainer蒸笼bamboo （food）steamer锅贴pot sticker烧卖shaomai （a steamed dumpling with the dough gathered at the top）葱饼scallion pancake推棍儿pancake spreader甜面酱sweet sauce made of fermented flour北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck面条noodles拉面hand-stretched noodles; ramen方便面instant noodle挂面fine dried noodles炒面fried noodles凉面cold noodles in sauce馄饨wonton （dumplings in soup）刀削面shaved noodles米粉rice flour面粉wheat flour烤面包toast果酱jam三明治sandwich热狗hot dog汉堡包hamburger糖纳滋doughnut百吉饼、面包圈bagel高粱饴sorghum candy酒心糖liqueur-filled candy口香糖chewing gum泡泡糖bubble gum山楂片haw flakes糖炒栗子chestnuts roast （in sand）with brown sugar 爆米花popcorn松糕sponge cake绿豆粥mung bean porridge红豆粥red bean porridge杏核豆腐almond bean curd豆腐tofu （bean curd）麻花fried dough twist萨其马egg crisp cake鱿鱼squid笋bamboo shoot笋干air-dried bamboo shoot香菇dried mushroom草菇straw mushroom猴菇hedgehog mushroom木耳wood-ear/ Jew’s ear白木耳tremella冬虫夏草Chinese caterpillar fungus海带kelp紫菜seaweed燕窝bird’s nest海蜇jellyfish海参sea cucumber鲍鱼abalone鱼翅s hark’s fin熊掌bear’s paw豆腐泡beancurd puff腐乳fermented beancurd刀工cutting technique切丁dice切条slice切丝shred剁、剁碎chop切碎（成泥）mince方块cube块chunk瓜子sunflower seeds莲藕lotus root莲子lotus seeds青蒜，韭葱leek韭菜Chinese chives / leek平菇oyster mushroom苦瓜bitter gourd四季豆、菜豆string bean，snap bean，green bean 豌豆荚、雪豆荚snow pea豆芽bean sprout绿豆芽mung bean sprouts黄豆芽soybean sprouts枣子Chinese dates山楂haw石榴pomegranate弥猴桃、奇异果kiwi fruit荔枝lychee龙眼longan橘子tangerine西柚、葡萄柚grapefruit佛手瓜Buddha’s-hand; fingered citron木瓜papaya核桃仁walnut meat松子，松人pine nut kernels西瓜子melon seeds腰果cashew nut榛果，榛子hazelnut葡萄grape核桃walnut谷grain; cereal米ricelong rice 长米，较硬，煮前先泡一个小时Pudding rice or short rice 短米，较软Brown rice 糙米THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米Glutinous rice 糯米强力面粉strong flour中筋面粉，不含发酵粉的面粉plain flour自发粉self- raising flour小麦面粉whole meal flour砂糖brown sugar红糖（感冒时煮姜汤时用）dark brown sugar糖粉icing sugar冰糖rock sugar醋vinger玉米淀粉、太白粉cornstarch麦芽糖maltose芝麻sesame seeds麻油sesame oil蚝油oyster sauce胡椒pepper白胡椒white pepper黑胡椒black pepper辣椒粉red chilli powder芝麻酱sesame paste味精msg （monosodium glutamate）豆鼓black bean sauce大红豆red kidney bean冬菇dried black mushroom酸菜pickled mustard-green八角、茴香anise荸荠、马蹄water chestnuts虾米dried shrimps明虾prawn美食节gourmet festival中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine; Chinese culinary art色香味形color, aroma, taste and appearance四大菜系：four major Chinese cusines:山东菜Shangdong cuisine川菜Sichuan cuisine粤菜Canton cuisine扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine南淡北咸the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cusine 东甜西辣the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine 八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding风味小吃local delicacy切片slice切丝shred切丁dice切碎mince绞碎grind大、旺、武火high heat中火medium heat小、微、文火low heat煎pan-fry炒stir-fry; sauté爆quick-fry炸deep-fry烩stew熏smoke煨，炖simmer, stew煮boil烘bake烤bake; roast, grill架烤grill; BBQ蒸steam红烧braise （with soy sauce）涮（羊肉）dip-boil （mutton slices）。