柴油机冷却系技术状态恶化主要表现在冷却系内结水垢使容积变小,水的循环阻力加大,同时水垢导热能力变差,以致散热效果下降,机温偏高,加速水垢的形成。
柴油机冷却系技术状态恶化易造成机油氧化,使活塞环、汽缸壁、气门等零件产生积炭,引起磨损加剧。
因此,在冷却系的使用中必须注意下列几点:
1、尽量使用雪水、雨水等软水作冷却水。
河水、泉水、井水都属硬水,含有多种矿物质,在水温升高后会沉淀出来,易在冷却系中形成水垢,故不可直接使用。
如确要使用这类水时,应将水烧开、沉淀,取表面水使用。
在缺水补足时,要使用清洁无杂质的软水。
2、保持适当水面,即上水室中不得低于进水管上口以下8mm,过低应及时补足。
3、掌握正确的加水和放水操作方法。
柴油机过热缺水时,不可立即添加冷水,应卸去负荷,待水温下降后在运转状态下以细流慢加。
如遇柴油机工作时断水,切不可立即加水,以免造成零件由于冷热不均产生应力和裂纹,或咬死的事故。
此时应在柴油机停机后,待机温下降到自然温度时方可加水。
寒冷天气不应在水温很高时放水,以防因温差太大而损坏机体,须等水温下降至40℃后再放水,而且应打开水箱盖,转动曲轴,使水泵等处的水完全放尽,以免冻裂散热器、缸盖、缸体等机件。
4、保持柴油机的正常温度。
柴油机启动后,预热到60℃以上才可开始工作(水温至少在40℃以上拖拉机才可开始空行)。
工作正常后水温应保持在80～90℃范围,最高不得超过98℃。
5、检查皮带张紧度。
用29.4～49N的力按在皮带中部,皮带下陷量10～12mm为适宜。
如果过紧或过松,需松开发电机支架紧固螺栓,用移动发电机皮带轮的位置来调整。
6、检查水泵漏水情况,观察水泵盖下泄水孔漏水情况,停车3min内漏水应不超过6滴,过多时应更换水封。
7、水泵轴轴承应定期注油润滑。
当柴油机工作50h,应向水泵轴轴承加注黄油。
8、发动机工作到1000h左右应清洗冷却系水垢。
Use and maintenance of the cooling system of diesel engine diesel generator sets
Deterioration of the diesel engine cooling system technology state in the cooling system within the furring smaller volume of mainly increasing resistance of the water cycle, while scale deterioration of ability to conduct heat, so cooling effect is reduced, the machine temperature high, accelerate the formation of scale.
The deteriorating state of the diesel engine cooling system technology could easily lead to oil oxidation, piston rings, cylinder walls, valves and other parts to produce coke, causing increased wear and tear. Therefore, the use of the cooling system is important to note the following points:
1, try to use the snow, rain soft water as cooling water. Rivers, springs, wells are hard water contains many minerals, after rising water temperatures will precipitate out, easy to scale formation in the cooling system, and therefore can not be used directly. Indeed such as to the use of such water should be water to a boil, precipitation, whichever is the use of surface water. In the complement of the water shortage, to use soft water clean and free of impurities.
2, to maintain appropriate water surface, namely, Sheung Shui room shall not be lower than the inlet catchy below 8mm, too low, should be timely complement.
3, the correct water and drainage operation. The diesel engine overheating water shortage can not be added immediately in cold water, should shed load until the temperature decreased to trickle slowly add in the running state. Water, such as the case of diesel engines work and must not add water immediately to avoid parts due to uneven thermal stress and crack, or killed by accident. In the diesel engine shutdown, standby temperature dropped to natural temperature before adding water. The cold weather should not turn on the water when the water temperature is high, to prevent damage due to the temperature too much body to be the water temperature dropped to 40 ° C and then water, and should open the radiator cap, turn the crank, water pumps, etc. is completely exhausted to avoid the cracking of the radiator, cylinder head, cylinder block and other parts.
4, to maintain the normal temperature of the diesel. After engine start, preheated to 60 ° C (140 ° F) (temperature at least above 40 ℃ tractor to start an empty line) in order to start working. Working properly, the water temperature should be maintained at the range of 80 ~ 90 ℃, the maximum shall not exceed 98 ° C.
5, check the belt tensioner. 29.4 ~ 49N force in the central belt, the belt subsidence 10 ~ 12mm as appropriate. If too tight or too loose, need to release the generator bracket bolts and the location of the mobile generator pulley to adjust.
6, check the water pump leaks, observe the water pump cover the discharged water hole leaks, leaking should stop 3min not more than six drops, too much should be replaced with a water seal.
7, the water pump shaft bearings should be periodically lubricated. When the diesel engine working 50h, should the water pump shaft bearings filling butter.
8, the engine should be around to 1000h cleaning the cooling system scale.。