过去分词作定语、表语、宾补和状语一、考点、热点回顾过去分词构成规则1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2 、不规则动词，见课本P104。

过去分词作定语定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

作定语的过去分词这叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。

单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；a broken heart 一颗破碎的心spoken English 英语口语the risen sun 已经升起的太阳fried chips 炸土豆条a lost child 丢失的孩子cooked food 熟食eg：My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。

过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。

a novel written by Luxun a school built for orphanspeople addicted to drugs the advice given to the patienteg：Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有人都参加了上周举行的会议。

过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。

eg:He is one of those invited.Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him.过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：过去分词表示被动或完成；现在分词表示主动或进行。

I.语态上现在分词: 表示主动的动作过去分词: 表示被动的动作eg: He is the man swimming in the river just now.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.II.时间上现在分词: 表示正在进行过去分词: 表示完成eg:eg:I know the people building the house there.(主动、进行）The house being built over there is a shop. (被动、正在建)The house built over there is a shop.（被动、已建好）The house to be built over there is designed by a famous architect.（被动、将来）练习（用publish 的不同形式填空）His book ______________ last year sells well.His book ___________________ now will be on sale next year.His book ___________________ next year will be his best one.The press(出版社) _________________ his book is famous in the city.（1）Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A ．foundB ．foundingC ．foundedD ．to be founded考查非谓语动词。

句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。

”T singhua University 与found 之间存在着被动关系， founded 过去分词表被动，表动作已完成，故选C 。

（2）You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.A ．offeringB ．to offerC ．having offeredD ．offeredD 句意：你不能接受什么观点，除非它以事实为基础。

动词offer 的逻辑主语就是opinion ，opinion 和动词offer 构成逻辑上的被动关系，表被动，用过去分词。

过去分词作表语表语常位于系动词之后，系动词除了be 外，还有以下几类：1、感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel2、变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, fall, go, come3、持续系动词：stay, keep, remain4、表象系动词：seem, appear , look5、终止系动词：turn out, prove （证明是，结果是）I. 过去分词放在连系动词之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。

eg: The door remained locked.He seemed quite delighted at the news.II. 过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上接近形容词的用法，被动语态强调的是动作。

eg: Be prepared! 大家准备好。

（系表结构，强调主语所处的状态）The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作）III. 与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示“令人…的”，多用来修饰物，过去分词作表语，表示“感到…the falling leavesthe fallen leavesboiling water boiled water the developing country the developed country的”，多用来修饰人。

eg: surprising ~surprised exciting ~exciteddisappointing ~disappointed tiring ~tiredamazing ~ amazed boring ~ boredrelaxing ~ relaxed pleasing ~pleasedconfusing ~confused satisfying ~satisfieddepressing ~ depressed inspiring ~ inspiredamusing ~amused entertaining ~entertained练习Please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. to seatB. to be seatedC. seatingD. seated解析：D。

remain 连系动词后过去分词表示保持…的状态。

女士们先生们，请做好直到飞机完全停下来。

过去分词作宾语补足语在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有1个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补，在英语中极为重要。

接过去分词（短语）做宾语补足语的四类动词及特殊结构：1.感官动词：feel, see , hear, watch, smell, taste, notice, observe , find 等+ sth./ sb. +done，表示“看到/ 听到/ 发现/ 感受到某事/ 某人被…”。

eg：When the manager came back, he found all the difficult problems settled.I often hear the song sung in English when I was abroad.2表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词，表示“希望/ 要求某事/ 某人被...”：want, should like, would like/love, wish, order等+ sb./ sth. + done。

eg：The manager didn’t want such questions discussed at the meeting.The chairman wished those letters typed as soon as possible.3.使役动词：make, get, have,等+ sth./sb. + done，表示“致使某事/某人被…”。

eg：I had my tap repaired.(=I asked someone to repair the tap.)I am going to the hospital this afternoon and have my eyes examined.注意:have/get sth. done 结构的三种不同的含义:(1)”请/让/叫别人(为自己做某事)”,强调主语的意志.(2)”受到;遭受”,表示一种经历.eg：She had her house damaged in the storm.(=Something bad had happened to her house.)(3)”使完成某事”,此事可以是别人完成的也可以是自己参与的.eg：She told me she had had her house repaired.(=She told me her house was repaired.)4.特殊结构:with /without + 名词/代词+ done 结构,分词done 做名词/代词的宾语补足语。

eg：Do you know the girl with her hair tied back?They left without a plate untouched.区别：不及物动词的过去分词做宾补时，表示动作的完成，分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；现在分词作宾补时，表示动作正在进行。