高中英语必修五Unit 3 语法学案课前自主学习：词汇复习：1. A tractor is a powerful motor v______ with large wheels and thick tires used for pulling farm machinery.2. They wanted to build a new school but they couldn’t find a suitable l______ for it.3. The story r______ me of an experience I once had.4. Tom’s mother died two days p______ to his arrival.5. The house is situated in very pleasant s______.6. She was o______ about the future of the company but the rest were pessimistic.7. The program gives students the o______ to learn more about global warming.8. James can i______ his father’s speech perfectly.9. An Act was passed giving the army e______ power in time of war.10. CIA stands for Central Intelligence A______.课堂讲解：I:动词-ed 分词形式作状语的基本用法:动词-ed 分词形式可用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随以及陪衬性动作等。
这类状语可放在句子前面、后面、或句中，并可拓展为一个状语从句或并列分句。
1 表示时间，相当于一个________.有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
1)Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.=When ___ ___ ____that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.(李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。
)2)Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. =When____ _____ _____from the moon,the earth looks green.从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。
3)When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head.=_________what had happened, he lowered his head.2.表示原因，相当于一个____________.。
1)Greatly inspired by the teacher's words, he made up his mind to work at English even harder.=Because ______ ____ _____ ______ by the teacher's words, he made up his mind to work at English even harder。
在老师的鼓励下，他决心更加努力地学习英语。
2)________ _______what he did, the teacher praised him in class. =AS_____ ____ _______ ______what he did, the teacher praised him in class.由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他.3)Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.=As____ ____lost / absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音3..表示条件，相当于一个______________，有时过去分词前可用unless,if等词。
1)If I am given a few more minutes, I'll finish it.=______ a few more minutes, I'll finish it. 。
2）________ ____ you, I still have a long way to go.跟你比较起来，我还差得很远呢。
3）______in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快4.表示方式或伴随情况动词的-ed形式作伴随状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，常置于句末，可以扩展成一个________________. 1）1）1）The old man went into the room,( and he was ) supported by his wife。
2) _______ _____ his students, the professor sat there cheerfully那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
3)The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students. 老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。
5.表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句1)Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.=Though____ ____ _____ by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. 译：2)___________ again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
6.过去分词无论作什么状语，其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。
【误】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small.【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small.【误】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter.正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake.II.动词-ed 分词与动词-ing 分词作状语区别1.不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。
分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用________；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用________。
有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。
例如：1)Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed. 如果你努力，你会成功的。
2)Though defeated(= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
2. 过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别：1) 及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，但它有“完成”的含义，所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式（having been done)。
Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全了。
2) 若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时，可用现在分词完成被动式Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home。
当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里3) 通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语。
The computer centre ,opened last year,is very popular among the students in this school.去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。
III. 分词的独立结构1) 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语_____。
否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的_______，或叫________。
在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。
例如：The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。
Winter coming , it gets colder and colder2)独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。
例如：They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake. 他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。
The children looked at us, (with) their eyes opening wide. 孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我。
I would miss the train, (with)no one to wake me up. 没人叫我，我会错过火车的。
IV.独立成份（插入语）与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分。
I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance. 如果有机会，我就到纽约来看你。