中国矿业大学考博英语真题2012年Part ⅠReading ComprehensionPassage OneA wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isn't hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together-honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people's behaviour are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintaining discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: "In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!"Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrains are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it's the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn't teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn't provide a stable home.I don't believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage incriminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses, where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.1. What the wise man said suggests that ______.A.It's unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.It's certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.It's only natural for virtue to defeat evilD.It's desirable for good men to keep away from evil答案：B[解答] 本题为细节题。
本文以智者的话“A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.”引入主题，即邪恶的胜利就是善良之人无所作为。
从下文可知，作者要告诉人们，不应对罪犯再采取纵容的态度，为他们的犯罪行为寻找借口，而应认识到真正对犯罪行为负责的应该是罪犯本人。
B选项与原文意思一致，为正确选项。
A和D选项与智者的话意思相反。
C选项文中并未提及。
因此，B选项正确。
2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ______.A.society is held to be responsibleB.modem civilization is responsible for itC.the criminal himself should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved答案：C[解答] 本题为细节题，考查因果逻辑关系。
根据文章最后三段可知，第八段作者比较了过去和现在人们对待犯罪的态度；第九段作者对现在将犯罪行为归结为外部因素的观点提出质疑；最后一段中作者指出，犯罪本人应对自己的犯罪行为负责。
所以，C选项为正确选项。
A、B和D选项都是将外部原因归结为结论，是作者所批判的观点。
因此，C选项正确。
3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ______.A.less self-disciplineB.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respectD.less effective government答案：A[解答] 本题为事实细节题。
本文第六、七段对比了大城市和小城市人们的自我约束性，作者指出，小城镇的人强调纪律，而大城市中人们自我约束力越来越松散。
所以，A选项符合原文意思。
B选项与原文意思正好相反。
C和D选项属无中生有，文中并未提及。
因此，A选项正确。
4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ______.A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC.today's society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities答案：A[解答] 本题为细节推理题。
根据第八段“The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim.”可知，人们对罪犯态度彻底变了，为罪犯犯罪找借口。
A选项符合原文意思。
第六段中作者对小城镇人们对纪律和标准的坚持持积极态度，故排除B。
C选项属无中生有。
而D选项与作者观点正好相反。
因此，A选项正确。
Passage TwoEncouraged by the policy that fosters auto market for the country's over 200 million families, automotive trading companies have mushroomed in all provinces and autonomous regions. Service companies are also formed to profit by gathering information on automotive operation and organizing advertising and public relations campaigns for auto makers. Many daily newspapers have set aside one or more pages to regularly carry news and information in the area. Dozens of car magazines seem to have leapt into being overnight.However, opinions about automotive development are varied. Many Chinese believe millions of additional motor vehicles will worsen the traffic problem and tail-gas-related environmental pollution. With some 10 million motor vehicles of which some 1.5 million are towns. And parking has increasingly become a headache. Petrol is another problem. China produces 142 million tons of crude oil a year, which translates into a very low percapita average. By 1993, China had already become a net importer of oil. But it cannot import much more oil by spending enormous foreign exchange to feed tens of millions for motor vehicles.Despite all the disagreements, China needs a rapid development of the automotive industry which will boost many other industries including metallurgy, rubber, petro-chemical, plastic, textiles, electronics and machinery. More important, it will boost construction of roads and parking facilities and promote progress of environment-related technologies.。