心理学统计符号列表和释义印刷体英文释义中文释义ANCOV A Analysis of covariance协方差分析ANOV A Analysis of variance (univariance)方差分析（单变量）d Cohen’s measure of effect size用于柯斯二氏检验d’(d prime)measure of sensitivity敏感性测量或辨别力D Used in Kolmogorov-Smirnov test用于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验df degree of freedom自由度f Frequency频次f e Expected frequency期望频次F Fisher’s F ratio费舍F比率F max Hartley’s test of variance homogeneity Hartley’s方差齐性检验H Used in Kruskal-Wallis test;also used to meanhypothesis用于克-瓦氏检验；也可代表“假设”H0Null hypothesis under test检验中的虚无假设H1Alternative hypothesis对立假设或备择假设HSD Tukey’s honestly significant difference (also referredto as the Tukey a procedure)Tukey’s真实显著性差异k Coefficient of alienation离散系数k²Coefficient of nondetermination非决定系数K-R 20Kuder-Richardson formula库理20号公式LR Likelihood ratio (used with some Chi-square)似然比（与一些卡方值一同使用）LSD Fisher’s least significant difference费舍最小显著性差异M Mean (arithmetic average)平均数（算术平均数）MANOV A Multivariate analysis of variance多元方差分析或多因变量方差分析Mdn Median中数mle Maximum likelihood estimate (used with programssuch as LISREL)最大似然估计（与诸如LISREL之类的程序一起使用）mode Most frequently occurring score众数MS Mean square均方MSE Mean square error均方误n Number in a subsample样本数N Total number in a sample样本总数ns Nonsignificant差异不显著p Probability; also the success probability of abinomial variable概率；也指二项分布中的成功概率P Percentage, percentile百分比；百分位数pr Partial correlation偏相关q1- p for a binomial variable二项分布中1- p的值Q Quartile (also used in Cochran’s test)四分差r Pearson product-moment correlation皮尔逊积差相关r²Pearson product-moment correlation squared;coefficient of determination皮尔逊积差相关的平方；决定系数r b Biserial correlation二列相关r k Reliability of mean k judges’ ratings评分者信度r1Estimated reliability of the typical judge典型判断的估计信度r pb Point-biserial correlation点二列相关r s或r R Spearman rank correlation coefficient(formerly rho[ρ])斯皮尔曼等级相关系数（以前用ρ表示）R Multiple correlation;also composite rank, asignificance test多重相关；也可表示等级R²Multiple correlation squared;measure of strength ofrelationship多重相关的平方；关系强度的测量SD Standard devation标准差SE Standard error标准误SEM Standard error of measurement测量的标准误sr Semipartial correlation半偏相关SS Sum of squares平方和t Computed value of t test t检验统计量T Computed value of Wilcoxon’s or McCall’s test威尔科克逊或麦考尔检验统计量T ²Computed value of Hotelling’s test Hotelling’s检验的统计量Tukey a Turkey’s HSD procedure Turkey’s HSD程序U Computed value of Mann-Whitney test曼-惠特尼检验统计量V Cramer’s statistic for contingency tables;Pillai-Bartlett multivariate criterion列联表的Cramer’s统计值，根据卡方系数计算公式而得W Kendall’s coefficient of concordance肯德尔和谐系数x Abscissa (horizontal axis in graph)横坐标y Ordinate (vertical axis in graph)纵坐标z A standard score; difference between one value in adistribution and the mean of the distribution dividedby the SD标准分；一个分布中的某变量和平均数的差距除以SD所得值|a|Absolute value of a a的绝对值αAlpha; probability of a Type I error; Cronbach’sindex of internal consistency犯І型错误的概率；克伦巴赫内部一致性信度系数βBeta; probability of a Type Ⅱerror (1-β isstatistical power); standardized multiple regressioncoefficient犯Ⅱ型错误的概率（1-β为统计检验力）；标准化多元回归系数γGamma; Goodman-Kruskal’s index of relationship Goodman-Kruskal’s关系指数ΔDelta(cap); increment of change变化的增加量η²Eta squared; measure of strength of relationship关系强度的测量θTheta(cap); Roy’s multivariate creterion Roy’s多因变量检验标准λLambda; Goodman-Kruskal’s measure of Goodman-Kruskal’s预测系数predictabilityΛLambda(cap); Wilks’s multivariate criterion大写Lambda; Wilks’s多因变量检验标准νNu; degrees of freedom自由度ρ1Rho(with subscript); intraclass correlation coefficient Rho(带下标)；组内相关（类相关）系数ΣSigma(cap); sum or summation Sigma（大写）；相加求和τTau; Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient; alsoHotelling’s multivariate trace criterionTau; Kend all’s等级相关系数；也表示Hotelling’s多变量trace检验标准φPhi; measure of association for a contingency table;also a parameter used in a determining sample size orstatistical powerPhi; 列联表相关指标；也用作决定样本量的参数或统计检验力φ2 Phi squared; proportion of variance accounted for ina 2*2 contingency tablePhi的平方；2×2列联表方差比例χ2 Computed value of a chi-square test 卡方检验值Ψ Psi; a statistical comparison Psi; 统计比较w2 Omega squared; measure of strength of relationship Omega的平方；关系强度的测量^ (caret) when above a Greek letter (or parameter),indicates an estimate (or statistic)用于希腊字母或符号的上面表示估计或统计。