A boveboard : open, frank, outspokenabide by : comply withabet：encourage, helpvt. 煽动，唆使，帮助acute : severeaffiliation [ə,fili’eiʃən]associationafflict [ə’flikt] vt. Disturb, trouble, bother affront: offense, insultadequate: suitable, appropriate, satisfactory agent:媒actor, operator动因force, power alive [ə’laiv]敏感的= sensitivealternate轮流的, 交替的,代替的=alternative allude to: refer to mentionample: 充足的= enough,anomaly-oddityapt [æpt] adj.易于…的=likelyappeal呼吁, 恳求= attraction, charmn. apathy-indifference,array [ə’rei] n.衣服= dressarrest =stop, preventassume [ə’sju:m] vt. =showass-kisser无耻的拍马=bootlicker,assume vt. take to be true without proofaura [‘ɔ:rə] n.气氛;=airaver [ə’və:] vt. 声称, 为确实; 断言= assert avert [ə’və:t] vt.防止, 避免=avoid, prevent B ackwash摇动=slipstream, airstream, aftermath banal乏味的=commonplace; uninteresting beset 困扰; 围攻= surround, attackbelittle[bi’litl] =minimize, underrate，blotch [blɔtʃ] n.大滴污渍;=stain, spot blotch [blɔtʃ] vt. 弄脏, 涂污=stain blotchy [‘blɔtʃi] adj.有斑点的,=stainedboil down to：summarize sth.; condense sth.，break down: collapsebreach 破坏, 违反=break, violatebrainless= mindlessbuy -believebusiness: concern, task, purposebypass-avoid,C apacity[kə’pæsiti]= receptive ability; censorious谴责的=Critical, particular, faulty compress : condenseconcede承认=confess, admit, acknowledge concede让步=admit, allow, confess, grant convert: change, turn conspicuous——obviouscommensurate匹配的equal to, be consistent with concrete：具体的\明确的definite, specific congruent : suitableconscious: aware , knowing, sensitive consolation安慰=comfort, soothing constitute：compose, form, make up 构成convention=rule, pattern by convention习俗counterfeit伪品=imitate D eceptive可能欺骗的=cheatingdecree=edict, order, rule, law命令,deplore [di’plɔ:]谴责= regretdepute : appointeddetestation憎恶=abominationdevotion : loyaltydevise设计=contrive, create, invent, make up, plan dilemma 窘境= quandarydistinguish vt./vi, —recognize a difference deride makefunof,ridicule, tease，mock取笑distinguishable: detectablediscern : perceivedivide : gapdistasteful : disgustingdisposed= fain, prepared, willingdisposed乐意…的, 愿意…的=willing, declined E arnestness: seriousnessebullient : in high-spirit, enthusiastic eccentric =odd, queer, abnormaledge 优势= advantageedict [‘i:dikt] n. 法令=decreeelaborate [i’læbəreit] adj. 繁琐的=Complex e manate [‘eməneit]vi come from originate enterprise : programenforce [in’fɔ:s] =execute, take effect 实施, engender [in’dʒendə]= produce, cause enmesh使绊住; 使陷入=mesh, ensnarl enrapture= enchant, delight，fascinate equivalent to: equal to，similar toerect : set up put uperode腐蚀破坏．Spoil, damage, weaken, destroy essentially本质上=in nature exasperation.恼怒, 愤怒= great anger, rage exist on 靠…生活exhaustive彻底的=complete, extraordinary: Special, unusual, outstanding exuberance 愉快=high-spirit, enthusiasm exert用(力) =employ, put forth, use, utilize extricate使脱离(from)free, liberate, release, rescueF acet : aspectfashion= clothing, costume, garments facetious=hilariousforward [‘fɔ:wəd] =Send dispatch,transfer formulation : expressionforestal阻止=prevent, foreclose, preclude, forbid, anticipate, foresee, counterforemost 最著名=paramount,form: Constitute, make upfraction [‘frækʃən] n.小部分=divison, part, fury: rage, great anger, resentment暴怒fundamentally-at bottom,G auge =measure judge evalutegesture.手势= motion, movement, sign, signal get over: overcomegenteel = decentgetup [‘ɡetʌp] n. =outfit, garbgloomily: upsetglorious [‘ɡlɔ:riəs] adj.荣誉的= gorgeous grapple =wrestle, tussle fight, struggle gratuitous-needlessground: field, place, site(literal); topic, issue, H andle: manipulatehilarious =funny, gay merry,joyfulhold-influenceI dentify使等同于;=recognizeimplausible :unbelievably, incredibly impeccable无缺点的=faultless,indelible难忘的; =ever-lasting, interchangeable = exchangeable, similar inherent [in’hiərənt] adj. =existing, natural, intellige聪明的= aware, knowing, perceptive introversion: bashfullyingenious足智多谋的=clever,intellect智力, 理解力, 才智=witinward里面的，内部的=insideintangible无形的=unsubstantial, untouchable Jest: jokeL atitude =freedomlavish [‘læviʃ] =extravagantlegitimate : legallousy 糟糕的; 劣等的=modestlust for = strong desire for, urge forM anipulate: handle, controlmaterialize-happenmerge vt./vi=combinemirror: Reflect, represent, showmode [məud] n. 方式, 样式= style, manner N otably: obviouslynuance 微妙之处=subtlety 细微=shadeO bsess= trouble in mind, preoccupy greatly oblige[ə’blaidʒ] vt. force compell offending=disgustingorthodox- conventional,oscillate-waverostentatious好夸耀=showy,outlaw-forbidoutward=outsideovertone暗示, 含义=implication, hintP anic : fear, fright, terrorparamount-supreme,passive=docile, submissive, inactivepatent-obviousperversion- distortion,perceive= =sense, be aware of, recognize, detect, observe pitfall 陷阱=trap, dangers, risksplane = level, horizontal (n.)水平, 程度; playwright =dramatist剧作家plausible好象有道理的信的=believable, logical, reasonable, sensible, soundpleasurable: pleasant, agreeable portray-describepotent = strong, powerful, forceful, mighty preach讲道;劝诫; 说教=moralize，teach precept [‘pri:sept]规程axiom, belief, principle, preference-privilege,prerequisite-premiseprimitive[‘primitiv]: original , elementary propriety-fitnessproclaim[prə’kleim] =state, declare formally, pronounce-articulateprompt [prɔmpt] urge encourage prescribe=regulate，lay downpretentious 狂妄的=affected,prominent杰出的=famous,distinguished, profess声称; 公开表明=declaring, claiming proposition, rule, sayingpsychic [‘saikik] = mental，spiritualQ uest : attemptquintessential =Typical , representativeR easoned合乎逻辑well-grounded, well- consideredr efine精炼, 提炼, 提纯improve, develop, perfect refute反驳=argue, contradict, disputeregister [‘redʒistə] = express, reflect, mirror regulate = adjust slightlyremark =say; observe noticeretirement [ri’taiəmənt] n.退休[职, 役]rest on 搁在〔支撑在〕上=lean on, repose on, build on, build uponrot: nonsensesartor [‘sɑ:tə] n.裁缝师,=tailor, seamsterscoff嘲笑=deridesimulate [‘simjuleit] =imitate, copy sensuous [‘sensjuəs] — affectingseparate [‘sepəreit] different 不同的, 个别serene[si’ri:n]=peaceful, tranquil adj. 宁静s hading [‘ʃeidiŋ]细微差别Slight difference sheerly = utterly, purely, completely纯粹，show=indicate, designate, confer,有缘的,带裙sharpen使锐利=heighten, increaseskeptical怀疑=disbelieving, unbelieving, doubting, questioningsoul 灵魂，精神，人=person, people specific = particular, given, designated standpoint: position, point of view, angle角度stimulate: motivate, spur, rouse, stir刺激\激发stigma [‘stiɡmə]n.Sign stain feature stocktaking-appraisalstubbornly: determinedsubtlety : small or slight differencessubtle: fine, thin 微小的，微妙的sumptuary [‘sʌmptjuəri] adj.限制费用的superfluous adj过多=abundant,sustain承受, 支撑=support, maintainT acit-impliedtatter [‘tætə] n. [常用复]破布条=rag tattered [‘tætəd] adj. 破烂的,褴褛的= ragged tenuous [‘tenjuəs] adj.trivaltextravagant [iks’træviɡənt] adj.奢侈=Lavish, triumph: success achievementtransmit: set outtrim [trim] vt. 使整齐,=decorate, adornU tter : produceunchallenged-unquestionedusurp[ju(:)’zə:p] vt. 篡夺,=take up, occupyv ariegated-diverse,veneration =respectW eight = influence, importance, authority wrestle扭打=grapple, tussle, fight, struggle, battle whet-stimulate,词组act on 对…起作用〔有功效a cold fish态度冷淡的人= a cold personafter all 毕竟analogous to 类似于..., 与...相似=similar to any number of：many adj. 许多apropos of : regarding, concerning, relating to , as to 关于, 至于; 说到..., 就...说来aside from 除…之外=apart from, in addition to; be engrossed in = be lost in, be absorbed in, be intent on )bear upon与…有关=affect, relate tobe terrified at =be frightened at, scared at, afraid ofbe obliged to sb. 感谢(某人)be obliged to do sth. 不得不(做某事)Break into : enterbottom line =a decidingcarry away 拿走, 带走, 搬走; 使激动,dress up打扮, 梳理trick updrop in on : drop byfall into: Make, commitfit in :adaptfall to the ground : go bankrupt for oneself 独自地,靠自己的力量for the sake of 为了….., 为了….缘故hang on to sth. =stick to, adhere to 紧紧抓住hang on-depend on,hurl oneself into : try one’s bestin itself 本身, 实质上, 就其本身来说in so far as = as far as I know, as far as sb./sth. is concerned就…而言in terms of 就…而言, 从…方面说来look to 依靠=rely on, depend onlose oneself 陶醉not so much…as 与其说是……不如说是nowhere near =by no meanson sight 一看到…就= at first sight,on the way : around the corneron guard :cautiouspass through 经过, 通过经历, 遭受pin sth. down：define sth. exactly准确地确定poke around :idle aboutput one’s finger on: 确切地指出= pin down pull up stake : moveread …into 理解…时加进…，牵强附会地remain alive: last long (活着=existing)shy away from.回避= shun, draw back, escape split up (into) =divide into , break up into(使)分裂; (使)分离; 分成(小组); 分享, 分用, 分担split with sb. 和某人闹翻so to speak 可以说,可谓sort out 分类, 整理take by storm 强攻使大为轰动take on 承担呈现take in : subscribe totake up=grapple with, deal with, cope with take account of sth.考虑throw up 呕吐=vomittread on:step on, walk on/touch on/upon,涉足well-disposed adj.同情的= friendly, kindly well-established =commonly acceptedwring the heart : sadden affliction。