The fact that the Chinese people are brave is well-known. 中国人是勇敢的这一事实众所周知。(同位语从句)
The fact that they are talking about is very important to us. 他们在谈论的事实对我们是很重要的。(定语从句) 2.同位语从句说明的中心词往往是一部分抽象名词,而定语从句修饰 的名词则不受限制。 3.同位语从句是名词性的,它是对其前面的名词的内容作进一步的解 释,从句和名词指的是同一事物。而定语从句修饰先行词,两者之间是修饰 与被修饰的关系。
1.介词之后的宾语从句,一般不用 which 或 if 连接,要用 what 或 whether。 He wants to tell me about what he saw in Beijing. 他想告诉我他在北京看到的一切。 2.that 很少在介词的后面引导宾语从句,只在 except,but,besides 和 in 之后才用。
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The suggestion that we should learn English well is valuable to us. 我们应该学好英语这个建议对我们是有价值的。(同位语从句) The suggestion that our English teacher gave is valuable to us. 我们英语老师给的建议对我们是很有价值的。 4.when,why 和 where 引导同位语从句时,它们在句子中充当句子成分, 但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。引导定语从句的 when,why 和 where 是关系副词,在它们的前面分别有表示时间、原因和地点的名词作先行词。 He can’t answer the question where Tom was born. 他回答不出汤姆是在哪里出生的。(同位语从句) Beijing is the place where Tom was born. 北京是汤姆的出生地。(定语从句)
two thousand patients have taken it.
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8.It never occurred to me th0at you could succeed in persuading him to change
his mind.
What we need are useful books. 我们所需要的是有用的书。
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二、宾语从句
在句子中充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词有: 连词 that,whether,if;连接代词 who,whose,what,which;连接副词 when,where,why,how 等。复习宾语从句时应特别注意以下问题:
He said (that)the book was interesting and that he wanted to buy it at
once. 他说这本书很有趣,他想立刻买它。 4.在 think,believe,imagine,suppose 等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,若
主语是第一人称,要把从句中的否定词转移到主句中去,这种现象叫否定转 移。这种句式变反意疑问句时,附加部分应与从句一致,并且要注意否定转 移。
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Ⅰ.在空格处填入适当的连词
1.We haven’t discussed yet wh0ere we are going to place our new furniture. 2.How much one enjoys himself in travelling depends largely on who/w0 hom he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.
She knew nothing about his journey except that he was likely to be away for five weeks.
关于他的旅行她不清楚,只知道他大概要离开五周。
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3.引导宾语从句的连接词 that 一般可以省略,但是及物动词后跟两个 (或两个以上)的宾语从句时,只能省略第一个宾语从句中的连词 that,其余的 均不能省略。
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It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. =That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知,光以直线传播。 2.连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever 等。 What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好。 Whoever leaves the room last should turn off the lights. 最后离开房间的人应当关灯。
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 由于车半路出了问题,所以他把时间耽搁了。 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢了比赛的消息是真的。
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His proposal is that we (should)put on a play at the English evening. 他的建议是我们在英语晚会上演一场戏剧。
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四、同位语从句
(一)同位语从句跟在某些名词后面,进一步说明其前面的名词的具体 内容。这类名词常见的 有:idea,news,fact,promise,answer,belief,condition,doubt,fear,hope,problem,pro of,question,reply,report,suggestion,thought,truth 等。
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5.带复合宾语的句子中,that 引导的真正宾语从句常移到宾语补足语之 后,而用 it 作形式宾语。
I think it wrong that he told a lie to his parents. 我认为他对父母撒谎是不对的。 6.在表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词之后的宾语从句中,谓语动词常用 “(should+)动词原形”,表示虚拟语气。这类动词有 suggest,request,demand,order,command,prefer 等。 She demands that the children (should)obey her. 她要求孩子们听话。 7.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。即使是 whether,if 或其他疑问词 引导,也用陈述语序;其主从句时态要保持一致。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
It looks as if it is going to rain.从句
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特别提醒表示“要求、命令、建议”等名词后的表语从句中, 谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。这类名词有 proposal,suggestion,order,advice,desire,requirement 等。
3.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was th0at it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 4.Wh0at some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. 5.As a new graduate,he doesn’t know wh0at it takes to start a business here. 6.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s wh0ere I don’t agree.You should have a more active life. 7.It is uncertain w0hat side effect the medicine will bring about,although about
I don’t think (that)he is a student. 我认为他不是学生。
I don’t imagine that he has lived alone on the deserted island for three
years,has he? 我认为他没有独自在那个荒岛上生活了三年,是吗?
That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us. =It surprised us that he suddenly fell ill last month. 上个月他突然生病使我们很吃惊。