高中英语语法精讲精练----名词性从句一、名词性从句的语法功能与分类在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。
1) What he is going to do is not clear.2) Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.宾语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作宾语，那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
1) Jack said that he had something important to do.2) I want to know if/whether there is a train to Beijing.表语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作表语，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.同位语从句：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词，如news，idea，fact，word（消息），question，thought，doubt，order，promise，hope，message，information等的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
关联词多用从属连词that。
1) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.2) Where did you get the idea that I could not come?3) Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.【注意】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别☆定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词，因此，它是属于形容词性从句。
而同位语从句属于名词性从句，它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的，或者说是解释前面名词的内容。
换而言之：同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。
区别：Galileo collected facts __B___ the Earth goes round the sun.Galileo collected facts __D___ proved the Earth goes round the sun.A. whichB. thatC. of whichD. A and B【考点点拨】在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
例如：☆My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
☆ This is our only request that this（should）be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
此类词有：一“坚持” insist二“命令” order, command三“建议” advise(advice), suggest(suggestion), propose (proposal)四“要求” require, request, desire, demand二、名词性从句连接词的选用名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词：1. 从属连词that，if和whether。
that在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可以省略；if不可以用于句首。
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.2. 连接代词主要有who, whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever等。
Whoever comes is welcome.What concerns me most is who will be my teacher next term.3. 连接副词主要有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。
None of us knows where these new books can be bought.The question under discussion is where we will hold the meeting.[注意] 不能使用if的情况a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.f. 与or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.1.______ he wants is a book.2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.3. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.4. He told us ______ he felt ill.5. The result is ______ we won the game.6. This is _____ we want to know.7. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.8. The fact______ she works hard is well known to us all.练习：if / whether1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.2. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.3.___________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4.It hasn't been decided____________ we shall attend the meeting.5.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.6. The question is _________ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question__________ the old man will recover soon.8. I don’t know _______ to go or to stay at home.附加练习1.I doubt____________ he can speak English.2.I don’t doubt ____________ he can speak English.Whatever有两个用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），二是用于引导让步状语从句。
No matter what只能引导让步状语从句（不能引导名词性从句），其意为“无论什么”。
【注意】这样用的no matter what与引导状语从句的whatever用法相同，有时可互换。
如：No matter what you say, I believe you. =Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。
一、2010年高考真题链接1.(全国卷I卷33).We haven’t discussed yet _______ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where2.(全国II卷10) —Have you finished the book？—No. I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where3.(北京卷31).I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A. whoB. whereC. whatD. how4.(北京卷32). Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. whether5.(北京卷33). some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. WhetherB. WhatC. ThatD. How6.(福建卷35). We should respect food and think about the people wh o don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether7.(湖南卷35). Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears .No one in the office knew _____ she was so angry.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why8.(江苏卷35).—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—That’s_______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.A. whereB. howC. whenD. what9.(辽宁卷34). —-It’s no use having ideas only .—-Don’t worry. Peter can show you ________to turn an idea into an act.A. howB. whoC. whatD. where10.(山东卷26). Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.A. whyB. whatC. howD. which11.(陕西卷18). It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. if12.(四川卷14). How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A. whatB. whoC. howD. why13.(天津卷14). As a new graduate, he doesn’t know _______ it takes to start a business here.A. howB. whatC. whenD. which14.(重庆卷25). To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.A. whoeverB. whoC. whicheverD. which15.(浙江卷1).－How about camping this weekend, just for a change?－OK,__ you want.A. whicheverB. howeverC. whateverD. whoever16.(浙江卷9). It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether17.(上海卷36). One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. thatB. howC. whatD. why18.(上海卷37). When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which laneB. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering二、句子翻译1.请把奖品给先来的人。