1．常见的用料●鸡chicken 鸭duck 鹅goose●鱼类fish 肉类meat 猪肉pork●牛肉beef 小牛肉veal 羊肉mutton●小羊肉lamb 牛尾oxtail 里脊fillet●排骨spareribs 腰子kidney 肚子tripe●肝liver 舌tongue 内脏offal●蹄子trotter 胗gizzard 鸡什giblets●鹿肉venison 鸡脯chicken breast●甲鱼turtle 海味seafood●虾shrimp 干贝scallop●螃蟹crab 鱿鱼squid●海蛰jellyfish 黄鳝finless eel●海螺whelk 野味game●兔rabbit 鸽pigeon●鹌鹑quail 龙虾lobster●牡蛎oyster 田螺snail●田鸡frog 蛇snake 腌肉bacon●香肠sausage 火腿ham●熊掌bear’s paw●鱼翅shark’s fin燕窝bird’s nest2．煮前的准备工作●去骨boning●例如，去骨鸭掌●打鳞scaling●例如，去鳞鱼scaled fish剥/去皮skinning●例如，去皮田鸡skinned frogs脱壳shelling●例如，虾仁shelled shrimps腌制pickling●例如，咸酸菜pickled vegetables3. 常用刀法及用料形状●（1）常用刀法●切片slice 切丝shred●切丁dice 切柳fillet 切碎mince●捣烂mash 酿入stuff●(2) 常用用料形状●肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或meat / fish slices●肉丝shredded meat 或pork shreds●肉/鸡丁diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes●肉末minced meat●肉丸meat balls●肉馅meat filling● 4. 中餐菜单翻译法●（1）直译法。
英译时把对应的制作方法译出来，再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。
●如：炖牛肉Stewed Beef●（2）直译加注法。
英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意，然后再补充说明其内在含义。
●如：●狮子头Lion’s Head ——Pork Meat Balls●全家福Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster andmixed vegetables with brown sauce●(3) 意译法。
此法可分为三种情况：●1）原料+with+作料。
以原料为中心词，有时捎带把烹调法也译出，再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。
如：●海米白菜Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps●鱼香肉丝Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce●2) 作料+原料。
即把作料用作修饰语，放在中心词原料的前面。
如：●咖喱牛肉Curry Beef 古老肉Sweet & Sour Pork●3) 以“实”对“虚”法。
即舍去中菜名里的喻义，夸张等说法而用平直，明白的英语译出。
如：●发财好市Black Moss Cooked with Oysters●彩凤喜迎春Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs●蚂蚁上树Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork●龙虎凤大烩Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken●4) “移花接木”法。
借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食，因为它们之间有许多相似之处。
译文地道，通俗易懂，能收到事半功倍的效果。
如：●烤排骨Barbecued Spare Ribs●饺子Chinese-style Ravioli略有馅的水饺●5) 音译加释义法。
先按中文用拼音译出，然后再加以解释性的英译，使英译文保留点“中国味”。
●如：包子Baozi——Stuffed Bun●馒头Mantou——Steamed Bread●6)“随机应变”法：原料+地名+Style。
应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。
英译出原料名后，再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。
如：●广东龙虾Lobster Cantonese Style●麻婆豆腐Bean Curd Sichuan Style5. 中餐常见的烹调方法●中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种，但大体不离：●煮（boiling）, 煲/炖（stewing）,●烧/焖/烩（braising）, 煎（frying）,●炒（stir-frying）,爆（quick-frying）,●炸（deep-frying）,●扒（frying and simmering）,●煸（sautéing）,煨（simmering）,●熏（smoking）,烤（roasting/barbecuing）,●烘（baking）, 蒸（steaming）, 白灼（scalding）等基本方法。
●煮boiled. 如“煮咸牛肉” （Boiled Corned Beef）●煲/炖stewed. 如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup)●烧braised. 如“红烧牛蹄”(Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)●煎（pan-）fried. 如“煎明虾” （Fried Prawns）●炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁”（Stir-Fried Chicken Dices）●爆quick-fried. 如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)●炸deep-fried. 如“炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns)●扒fried and simmered. 如“虾子扒海参” （Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber withShrimps Roe）●煸sautéed . 如“干煸鳝鱼” (Sautéed Eel Slices)●煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” （Simmered Beef）●焖braised 如“黄酒焖猪排”(Braised pork chops in rice wine)●烩braised 如“烩鸡丝” （Braised chicken shreds with peas）●熏smoked 如“熏鱼” (Smoke d Fish)●烘baked 如“烘鸽” （Baked Pigeon）●蒸steamed 如“蒸鲜鱼” （Steamed Fresh Fish）●酱/醋marinated 如“酱鸡” （Marinated Chicken）●卤spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”（Spicy Duck）●涮instant-boiled 如“涮羊肉” （Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices）●酿stuffed 如“酿青椒” （Stuffed Green Pepper）●烤roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅” （Roast Goose）●白灼/微煮scalded 如“白灼海虾”（Scalded Prawns）●红烧braised in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋” （Braised Pork Tendon in BrownSauce）●干烧in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝” （Scallop in Pepper Sauce）●麻辣with hot pepper 如“麻辣豆腐”（Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean Curd）●酱爆in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁” （Diced Pork in Bean Sauce）●鱼香in (spicy) garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝” （Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce）●糖醋with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” （Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce）●宫保with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁” （Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts）●脆皮crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“脆皮鱼” （Crisp Fish）●清蒸steamed (in clear soup)如“清蒸桂鱼”（Steamed Mandarin Fish）●清炖stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼” （Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup）●香酥crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” （Crisp Fried Chicken）●焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” （Fried Fish Slices in Sauce）●甜酸sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”（Sweet & Sour Pork）●胡辣with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参” （Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili）●油淋drip-fried with oil 如“油淋兔” （Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil）●干煸dry-sautéed 如“干煸季豆” （Dry-sautéed String Beans）●盐水boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾”（Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water）●家常home style 如“家常豆腐” （Bean Curd Home Style）●陈皮with spicy orange peel 如“陈皮鸡” （Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel）●回锅double-sautéed 如“回锅肉” （Double-sautéed Pork Slices）●五香spiced 如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef)●干炸dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”（Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast）●软炸soft deep-fried 如“软炸里脊” （Soft-fried Pork Fillet）●酥炸crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” （Crisp Fried Lamb Breast）●砂锅in casserole 如“砂锅鱼翅” （Shark’s Fin in Casserole）●锅巴with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” （Sea Slug with Sizzling / CrispyRice Crust）●芙蓉with egg white 如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white)●麻酱with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”（Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste）●三鲜with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” （Sea Cucumbers with Other TwoDelicacies）●醋溜in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” （Sliced Chicken in Distilled GrainsSauce）●串烤skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒”（Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper）●铁扒grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” （Grilled Baby Pigeon）●烧烤roast 如“烤乳猪”（Roast Suckling Pig）●凉拌in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” （Jellyfish in Soy Sauce）●酸辣hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” （Hot and Sour Cucumber）●姜汁in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” （Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce）●蚝油in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” （Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce）●蒜泥with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” （Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic）●什锦mixed; assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)●茄汁in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯”（Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce）●咖喱with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” （Fried Beef withy Curry）●八宝(stuffed) with eight delicacies 如“八宝鸡” （Chicken Stuffed with EightDelicacies）●葱爆quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如“葱爆羊肉” （Quick-fried Lambwith Scallion in Ginger Sauce）●粉蒸steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉” （Steamed Beef in Rice Flour）●奶油in cream sauce 如“奶油鱼肚” （Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce）●木犀with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉” （Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggsand Fungus）●醉liquor-preserved 如“醉蟹” （Liquor-preserved Crabs）●辣味in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾” （Braised Prawns in Rice Wine）●豆豉in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼” （Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce）●黄焖braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” （Braised Prawns in Rice Wine）●椒盐with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨” （Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt）●怪味multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” （Multi-flavored Chicken）中国小吃英文表达●中式早點烧饼Clay oven rolls油条Fried bread stick韭菜盒Fried leek dumplings水饺Boiled dumplings蒸饺Steamed dumplings馒头Steamed buns割包Steamed sandwich饭团Rice and vegetable roll蛋饼Egg cakes皮蛋100-year egg咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg豆浆Soybean milk●饭类●稀饭Rice porridge白饭Plain white rice油饭Glutinous oil rice糯米饭Glutinous rice卤肉饭Braised pork rice蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg地瓜粥Sweet potato congee●面类●馄饨面Wonton & noodles刀削面Sliced noodles麻辣面Spicy hot noodles麻酱面Sesame paste noodles鴨肉面Duck with noodles鱔魚面Eel noodles乌龙面Seafood noodles榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard green noodles牡蛎细面Oyster thin noodles板条Flat noodles米粉Rice noodles炒米粉Fried rice noodles冬粉Green bean noodle●汤类●鱼丸汤Fish ball soup貢丸汤Meat ball soup蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup蛤蜊汤Clams soup牡蛎汤Oyster soup紫菜汤Seaweed soup酸辣汤Sweet & sour soup馄饨汤Wonton soup猪肠汤Pork intestine soup肉羹汤Pork thick soup鱿鱼汤Squid soup花枝羹Squid thick soup●甜点爱玉Vegetarian gelatin糖葫芦Tomatoes on sticks长寿桃Longevity Peaches芝麻球Glutinous rice sesame balls麻花Hemp flowers双胞胎Horse hooves●冰类绵绵冰Mein mein ice麦角冰Oatmeal ice地瓜冰Sweet potato ice紅豆牛奶冰Red bean with milk ice八宝冰Eight treasures ice豆花Tofu pudding●果汁甘蔗汁Sugar cane juice酸梅汁Plum juice杨桃汁Star fruit juice青草茶Herb juice●点心牡蛎煎Oyster omelet臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)油豆腐Oily bean curd麻辣豆腐Spicy hot bean curd虾片Prawn cracker虾球Shrimp balls春卷Spring rolls蛋卷Chicken rolls碗糕Salty rice pudding筒仔米糕Rice tube pudding红豆糕Red bean cake绿豆糕Bean paste cake糯米糕Glutinous rice cakes萝卜糕Fried white radish patty芋头糕Taro cake肉圆Taiwanese Meatballs水晶饺Pyramid dumplings肉丸Rice-meat dumplings豆干Dried tofu●其他当归鸭Angelica duck槟榔Betel nut火锅Hot pot●●西餐(Western Food)头盘及沙拉类腌熏三文鱼Smoked Salmon 腌三文鱼Marinated Salmon with Lemon and Capers凯撒沙拉Caesar Salad 鲜蘑鸡肝批Chicken Liver Terrine with Morels●奶酪瓤蟹盖Baked Stuffed Crab Shell 鲜果海鲜沙拉Seafood Salad with Fresh Fruit●厨师沙拉Chef's Salad 金枪鱼沙拉Tuna Fish Salad 尼斯沙拉Salad Nicoise汤类奶油蘑菇汤Cream of Mushroom Soup 奶油胡萝卜汤Cream of Carrot Soup●奶油芦笋汤Cream of Asparagus Soup 番茄浓汤Traditional Tomato Soup●海鲜周打汤Seafood Chowder 法式洋葱汤French Onion Soup●牛肉清汤Beef Consommé匈牙利浓汤Hungarian Beef Goulash香浓牛尾汤Oxtail Soup 意大利蔬菜汤Minestrone Soup 蔬菜干豆汤Hearty Lentil Soup牛油梨冻汤Chilled Avocado Soup 西班牙番茄冻汤Gazpacho禽类红酒鹅肝Braised Goose Liver in Red Wine 奶酪火腿鸡排Chicken Cordon Bleu烧瓤春鸡卷Grilled Stuffed Chicken Rolls 红酒烩鸡Braised Chicken with Red Wine烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅Baked Chicken Breast Stuffed with Mushrooms and Cheese炸培根鸡肉卷Deep-Fried Chicken and Bacon Rolls水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁Poached Chicken Breast with Balsamic Sauce●烤火鸡配红浆果少司Roast Turkey with Cranberry Sauce 烤瓤火鸡Roast StuffedTurkey烧烤鸡腿Barbecued Chicken Leg烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条Roasted Lemon Marinade Chicken Leg with French Fries扒鸡胸Char-Grilled Chicken Breast 咖喱鸡Chicken Curry秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆Pan-fried Duck Breast with Sautéed Potatoes and Truffles牛肉类红烩牛肉Stewed Beef 白烩小牛肉Fricasseed Veal牛里脊扒配黑椒少司Grilled Beef Tenderloin with Black Pepper Sauce●扒肉眼牛排Grilled Beef Rib-Eye Steak西冷牛排配红酒少司Roast Beef Sirloin Steak with Red Wine SauceT骨牛扒T-Bone Steak 烤牛肉Roast Beef罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁Beef Tenderloin and Goose Liver with Truffle and Port Wine Sauce青椒汁牛柳Beef Tenderloin Steak with Green Peppercorn Sauce铁板西冷牛扒Sizzling Sirloin Steak香煎奥斯卡仔牛排Pan-fried Veal Steak Oscar with Hollandaise Sauce咖喱牛肉Beef Curry 威灵顿牛柳Fillet Steak Wellington俄式牛柳丝Beef Stroganoff 烩牛舌Braised Ox-Tongue 红烩牛膝Osso Bucco黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮Venison Fillet Black Pepper Coat with Wild Mushroom and Celery Brick●●●猪肉类烧烤排骨Barbecued Spare Ribs 烟熏蜜汁肋排Smoked Spare Ribs with Honey意大利米兰猪排Pork Piccatta 瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁Stuffed Poke Roulade With Yellow Peach Sauce 煎面包肠香草汁Pan-fried Swiss Meat Loaf with Pesto Sauce炸猪排Deep-Fried Pork Chop●●羊肉类扒羊排Grilled Lamb Chop 扒新西兰羊排Grilled New Zealand Lamb Chop烤羊排配奶酪和红酒汁Roast Lamb Chop with Cheese and Red Wine Sauce羊肉串Lamb Kebabs 烤羊腿Roasted Mutton Leg●●鱼和海鲜类海鲜串Seafood Kebabs 扒金枪鱼Grilled Tuna Steak●扒挪威三文鱼排Grilled Norwegian Salmon Fillet●三文鱼扒配青柠黄油Grilled Salmon with Lime Butter比目鱼柳和扇贝配红酒核桃汁Braised Sole fillet & Sea Scallops with Red Wine and Walnuts煎比目鱼Pan-fried Whole Sole烤三文鱼柳配香草汁和黑橄榄酱Roasted Salmon Fillet With Pesto Black Olive Purée 烤三文鱼排意大利宽面和藏红花汁Roasted Salmon Steak With Tagliatelle & Saffron Sauce 煎红加吉鱼排Grilled Red Snapper Fillet●黄油柠檬汁扒鱼柳Grilled Fish Fillet in Lemon Butter Sauce扒大虾Grille king Prawns 蒜茸大虾Grilled King Prawns with Garlic Herb Butter 巴黎黄油烤龙虾Baked Lobster with Garlic Butter●奶酪汁龙虾Gratinated Lobster in Mornay Sauce香炸西班牙鱿鱼圈Deep-Fried Squid Rings荷兰汁青口贝Gratinated Mussels Hollandaise Sauce蛋类●火腿煎蛋Fried Eggs with Ham 洛林乳蛋饼Quiche Lorraine 熘糊蛋ScrambledEggs面、粉及配菜类海鲜通心粉Macaroni with Seafood 海鲜意粉Spaghetti with Seafood意大利奶酪千层饼Cheese Lasagna 什莱奶酪比萨饼Pizza Vegetarian●海鲜比萨Seafood Pizza 烤牛肉蘑菇比萨Roast Beef and Mushroom Pizza肉酱意大利粉Spaghetti Bolognaise●意大利奶酪馄饨Cheese Ravioli in Herbed Cream Sauce咖喱海鲜炒饭Stir-Fried Seafood Rice with Curry红花饭Saffron Rice 阿拉伯蔬菜黄米饭Couscous with Vegetables 西班牙海鲜饭Paella牛肉汉堡包Beef Burger 鸡肉汉堡包Chicken Burger 美式热狗American Hot Dog 俱乐部三文治Club Sandwich 金枪鱼三文治Tuna Fish Sandwich●烤牛肉三文治Roasted Beef Sandwich 健康三文治Healthy Sandwich烟熏三文鱼Smoked Salmon 土豆泥Mashed Potatoes里昂那土豆Lyonnaise Potatoes 公爵夫人土豆Duchesse Potatoes烩红椰菜Braised Red Cabbage with Apple●甜品西点类●黑森林蛋糕Black Forest Cake 英式水果蛋糕English Fruit Cake●草莓奶酪蛋糕Strawberry Cheese Cake草莓蛋糕Strawberry Cake 蓝莓奶酪蛋糕Blueberry Cheese Cake美式奶酪蛋糕American Cheese Cake绿茶奶酪蛋糕Green Tea Cheese Cake 意大利提拉米苏Italian Tiramisu大理石奶酪蛋糕Marble Cheese Cake 咖啡奶酪蛋糕Coffee Cheese Cake红莓松糕Cranberry Muffin 干果派Mixed Nuts Pie 蓝莓松糕Blueberry Muffin 琳泽蛋糕Linzer Cake 芒果木司蛋糕Mango Mousse Cake草莓酥条Strawberry Napoleon Sliced 巧克力榛子蛋糕Chocolate Hazelnut Cake 巧克力木司Chocolate Mousse 水果脆皮酥盒Puff Pastry with Fruits维也纳巧克力蛋糕Sacher Cake 热情果木司Passion Mousse杏仁多纳圈Almond Donuts 牛奶巧克力多纳圈Milk Chocolate Donuts鲜水果配沙巴洋Fruit with Sabayon 水果蛋挞Fresh Fruit Tart白巧克力奶油布丁White Chocolate Brulee 绿茶布丁Green Tea Pudding●芒果布丁Mango Pudding 热枣布丁Warm Sticky Date Pudding 香草布丁VanillaPudding焦糖布丁Cream Caramel / Caramel Custard 果仁布朗尼Walnut Brownies咖啡剧本蛋糕Coffee Opera Slice饼干及其它手指饼Lady Finger 蝴蝶酥Butterfly Cracker 巧克力曲奇Chocolate Cookies爆米花(甜/咸) Popcorn(Sweet/Salt) 香草冰淇淋Vanilla Ice Cream巧克力冰淇淋Chocolate Ice Cream 草莓冰淇淋Strawberry Ice Cream绿茶冰淇淋Green Tea Ice Cream 冰霜Sherbets冰糖莲子银耳羹Candied Lotus Seed & White Fungus Soup草莓奶昔Strawberry Milk Shake面包类水果丹麦Fruit Danish 牛角包Croissant 袋子包Pita Bread Plain农夫包Farmer Bread 洋葱包Onion Loaf 全麦包Whole Wheat Bread 软包Soft Roll 硬包Hard Roll 长法棍French Baguette吐司面包Toast。