英国文学选读复习资料罗经国集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-Chapter 11.Earliest settlers---Celts2.55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman Empire(London was founded)3.演变Celts- Romans – Anglo-Saxon – English4.Julius Caesar , the first general came to British5.500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex, the Celts KingArthur.His followers , who were know as the knights of the round table, fight for their kingdom against the AS invaders.6.9th century, King Alfred , the great of Wessex lead the ASkings to defeat the invaders by uniting their forces.7.the Norman Conquest1066, Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward Ⅱ. And Normandy beat the Harold at the Hesting.8.Two highlight in the development of AS literatureA. Northumrian School○1the first AS poet ---CaedmonThe earliest English poet. According to Bede, he was anelderly herdsman who received the power of song in avision.○2Vernerable Bede, A monk write in Lain <The Ecclesiastical History of the English People> Father of English HistoryB. the reign of Alfred Contribution○1translate a number of Latin books into West Saxondialect○2<The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle>○3created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose9. A long epic poetry 长篇叙事诗<Beowulf>A.the earliest heroic poetryB.the most significant poetryC.existed in oral form as early as the 6th centuryD.Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements10.Difference between Old Eng poetry , later poetry istechnical structure11.There are two poetic features of Old English poetry:alliteration and kenning.Chapter 21.流行Romance 主要写Knights2.Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066accelerated the development of feudalism 封建主义in ENG3.Categories of Romances: The matter of Erance ,the matter ofRome , the matter of Britain4.Middle ENG:A.words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure areusually of the French originB.many inflectional form of words were droppedC.formal grammar simplified5. Medieval Romance (Subject Matters)A. matter of French (Charlemagne the Great, Roland, <Chanson de Roland>)B. matter of Rome (Alexander the Great, The siege of Troy)C. Britain the Arthurian LegendBy Sir Gawain, Launce lot, Marlin, the quest for Holy Grail, the Death of King Arthur.Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer1.The Hundreds’ Years War is an awakening of nationalConsciousness in ENG,the French heroine Joan of Arc贞德2.Geoffrey Chaucer (Buried in the Poets’ Conner inWestminster Abbey)A.Father of Eng poetryB.The work of Geoffrey Chaucer○1influenced by French literature<The Book of the Duchess>○2influenced by Boccaccio <Travius and Cryseyde>○3<The Canterbury Tales >坎特伯雷故事集The general prologue 总序is the best part of it.3.the significances of <The Canterbury Tales>A.Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s timeB.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highlycommended 高度赞赏by criticsC.Geoffrey Chaucer’s humorD.Chaucer’s contribution to ENG languageE.Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English4.John WycliffA.father of ENG proseB.one of the first figures who demanded to reform churchC.the one translate Bible into standard ENG5.William Langland<Sir Gawain> <Green Knights><The Vision ofPiers Plowman>Chapter 41.main eventsA.The war of the Rose ,the thirty Years War(the house ofLancaster/Red, the house of York)B.The discovery of American and the new sea routesC.Reformation of church. HenryⅧ found the Anglican Church,break away from the church of Rome.2.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story3.Characters of BalladsA.the beginning is often abruptB.have strong dramatic elementsC.the story is told through dialogue and actionD.the theme is often tragicE.the meter格律is used (contains four-line stanzas, theodd numbered line奇数four feet, the even numbered line偶数three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.)4.BalladsA.<Robin Hood> A legendary hero living during the reign ofRichard the Lion Heated 金雀花王朝B.<The Death of King Arthur>By Sir Thomas Mallory prefectthe king Arthur5.Early ENG Plays(the 14th )developed into(mystery Plays神秘剧， miracle plays 奇迹剧)6.The flourishing of dramathe reason: no other entertainment ,both rich and poor can go to thereChapter 5英国文学史上三次高潮 15th ENG Renaissance— 19th上Romantic —19th 下 Victoria1.The BackgroundQueen Elizabeth , defeat the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队, mighty naval power强有力的海军.2.Humanism 人文主义Rebirth(文艺复兴的时代精神)Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means“rebirth ” in ENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观According to the Humanist scholars it was against humannature to ○1sacrifice the happiness of the life for an after life. They argued that ○2man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church, In art andliterati on, instead of happiness in his life. Humanismshattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman catholic church and opened his eyes to “abrave new world” in front of him.4.Edmund Spenser <The Faerie Queen>5.The University WitsA.Robert GreeneB.Thomas Kyd <The Spanish Tragedy>C.Christopher Marlowe<The tragic History of Doctor Faustus>The blank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter6.William ShakespeareA.发展○1Early years of his apprenticeship学徒期○2Growth and development○3gloom and depression○4restored serenityB.achievement○1represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people○2S’ humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love○3S’ characterization, S’ characters are round 丰满的而非flatter 扁平○4originality○5as a great poet in sonnets○6master of the Eng language7.Four Tragedy : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, The Tragedy ofMacbeth8.Sonnets (Italy/Petrarch’s —the first one, S’s)A.definition A short song in the original meaning of theword become a poet of 14 lines. Usually in iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步 with various rhyming schemes.B.Sonnet, 3 quatrains, 1 couplet (Shakespeare’s<Mr.W.H><Dark Lady>)9.S’s sonnets are different from Petrach’s.Petrach’s sonnets is divided into an octave(八音) which typically rhymes abba abba , and a sestet, which may have varying rhyme schemes.Shakespeare’s sonnets (English sonnets)consists of 3quatrains and 1 couplet ,which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends with a surprised conclusion or a shift ofideas.Petrach abba abba / cde cdeShakespeare abab cdcd efef / gg10.Hamlet —Humanist (melancholy忧郁 procrastination优柔寡断) Chapter 6From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution1.Background(the ENG bourgeois revolution 资产阶级革命，农民与贵族阶级，Anglican church 与Puritanical Church)2.Glorious Revolution 1688In 1688, William signed <The Bill of Rights> presented by Parliament, which greatly restricted the power of English King hence four ENGLAND has become a country ofconstitutional monarchy.君主立宪制3.The King James Bible of 1611Old Testament in HebrewsNew Testament in GreekThe earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon, Bade and King Alfred.4.Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as “the pioneer of EngMaterialism唯心主义”5.<Of Studies>目的：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability.功效：History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematicssubtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.方法：Books are able to be tasked, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.6.玄学派特点（Metaphysical Poets）John DonneMetaphysical Poets describe a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by hold and ingenious conceits （奇思妙喻）incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought, frequent use of Paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.7.Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love, death and religionMain theme of Cavalier(骑士派)：Carpe Diem及时行乐8.Cavalier: Carpe diem<ＡValediction：forbidding mourning >A breach, but an expansionLike gold to airy thinness beatIf they be two, they are two so.As stiff twin compasses are two.THEME, 他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱。