Unit6 When was it invented?1、被动语态(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。

(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。

一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思2、如何理解被动语态？为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。

主动语态：其他成分被动语态：+其他成分如：3. invent v. 发明inventor n. 发明家invention n. 发明可数名词4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如：Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。

Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。

5. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。

give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。

6. all day 整天7. salty adj. 咸的salt n. 盐8. by mistake 错误地如：I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。

9. make sb./sth. +形容词使…怎么样It made me happy. 它使我高兴make sb./sth. +名词让…做…It made me laugh. 它让我发笑10. by accident 意外偶然I met her by accident at bus stop.11. not…until…直到…才做…如：I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work.12. according to +名词根据…如：according to an legendaccording to this article根据这篇文章根据一个神话13. over an open fire 野饮14. leaf n. 叶子复数形式leaves15. nearby adj. 附近的如：the nearby river16. fall into 落入掉进如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。

fall down 摔倒如：She fell down from her bike.17. quite 非常adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面如：quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩very 非常adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用如：I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。

18. in the way 这样19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快pleasant adj. 愉快高兴指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快please v.使高兴使同意20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪22. travel around 周游23. more than === over 超过如：more than 300 == over 300 超过30024. including prep.介词包括可以与名词和动名词连用如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt.25. have been played 被上演是现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词26. be born 出生He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生27. safety n. 安全safe adj. 安全的28. knock into 撞上(某人)29. divide sth. into …将…划分成. 通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分如：Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。

30. since then 自从那以后常与完成时态连用如：Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。

词义辨析1. create, produce, invent①create指“有目的的把原材料制成新产品”，也指创造出原来不存在或与众不同的事物。

②produce指“通过劳动、加工而生产产品”，尤指“工农业产品”。

③invent 指通过想象，研究，劳动创造出前所未有的东西，尤指“科技上的发明创造”。

1)Bell the telephone.2)This field rice.3)People in Western countries believe that God the world.2.below, under①below与above相对，指“在….的下方”，表示一件东西的位置低于另一件东西，但不一定在另一件东西的正下方。

②under与over相对，表示的范围较窄，表示一件东西的位置垂直在另一件东西下边。

1)There are some books the desk.2)All the fields are the plane.3.raise, rise①raise的意思是“提高”、“举起”，是及物动词，既能接宾语，也能用于被动语态。

它的宾语一般是头、手、眼、帽、重物以及政治觉悟、生活水平、物价、温度、声音等。

此外，raise有“饲养、供养”的意思。

raise-raised-raised②rise的意思是“上升”、“上涨”，是不及物动词，既不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。

它的主语一般是日、月、云、烟、热、气、温度计、物价、河水等。

指人时，一般指人“站起”、“起床”。

rise--rose--risen1)He his voice and shouted.2)The price has .3) These families may children as their chief occupation.(主要职业)4.the number of, a number of①the number of 意为“…的数量，数目”，of后常接名词复数形式，在句中作主语时动词要用单数形式。

②a number of意为“许多的”，相当于many，number前可用large, small修饰，表示程度。

作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

1)The number of boys in our class (be)twenty-two.2)A number of girls (have)long hair.单项选择1. Look at the sign on the right.-Oh, parking here.A. doesn’t allowB. isn’t allowedC. didn’t allowD. wasn’t allowed2.It is that he’ll come here.A. sayB. supposedC. believeD. expect3.- boys come to swim. Do you know of them?A. A number of, a numberB. The number of, a numberC. The number, numbers ofD.A number of, the number4.We should take an part in after-school activities.A. activeB. ActivityC. activelyD. inactive5.The house-price keeps all the time in recent years.A. goingB. risingC. raisingD. lifting6.China is a country. Japan is a country.A. developed, developingB. developing, developedC. development, developingD. develops, develop7. Yesterday Li Ping knocked a big tree.A. intoB. inC. onD. onto8. We are going to divide the class small groups.A. toB. inC. of D .into9. Everyone knows Thomas Edison ________a lot of useful inventions.A. inventsB. inventedC. discoversD. discovered10. He lived in place __________ Gum Tree.A. calledB. nameC. namedD. Both A and C11. _____ is believed that Bell invented the first telephone in1876.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. One12. In his free time, he often teaches me how ________.A. swimB. swimmingC. to swimD. swims13. The number of teachers in our school _____60 and a numberof them ______ male teachers.A. is; areB. are; isC. am; areD. be; are14. Look! A boy is falling the river. Let’s go and save him.A. intoB. overC. downD. off15. The boy to get supper ready after school.A. were toldB. is tellingC. was toldD. tells16. You must practice to become good at it.A. a lot ofB. a lotC. lots ofD. a little用所给词的适当形式填空。