英语选修八U1词汇单词△California 加利福尼亚（州）——→△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明★ 说明性◆ an illustrated textbook 有插图的课本illustrate sth with sth◆ His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition. 他在演讲中使用了探险时拍摄的照片。
★ to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.（用示例、图画等）说明，解释◆ To illustrate my point,let me tell you a little story.为了说明我的观点，让我来给你们讲个小故事。
◆ Last year's sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2. 图 2 显示了去年的销售数字。
★illustrate how, what, etc…◆ Here's an example to illustrate what I mean. 这儿有个例子可以说明我的意思。
◆ The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.这次事件说明了加强安全措施的必要。
★ illustrate that…表明…真实；显示…存在（to show that sth is true or thata situation exists ）拓展Referring to a chart, graph or table 描述图或表■ This bar chart ILLUSTRATES how many journeys people made onpublic transport over a three-month period.这个柱状图显示三个月期间人们乘坐公共交通往来的次数。
■ This table COMPARES bus, train, and taxi use between April and June.这个表比较了四月至六月公交车、火车和出租车的使用情况。
■ The results ARE SHOWN in the chart below.结果显示在下面的图表中。
■ In this pie chart, the survey results ARE BROKEN DOWN by age.在这个饼分图中，调查结果按年龄划分。
■ This pie chart BREAKS DOWN the survey results by age.这个饼分图按年龄对调查结果进行分类。
■ AS CAN BE SEEN FROM these results, younger people use busesmore than older people.从结果可以看出，年轻人比老年人乘坐公交车的频率更高。
■ ACCORDING TO these figures, bus travel accounts for 60% of publictransport use.从这些数字看，乘坐公交车出行占公共交通使用率的60%。
■ FROM the data in the above graph, IT IS APPARENT THAT buses are the most widely used form of public transport.从上图的数据明显看出：公交车是公共交通中使用最广泛的类型。
distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的——→distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著1. easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc. 清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的◆ There was a distinct smell of gas.有一股明显的煤气味。
◆ His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。
2 .clearly different or of a different kind 截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的◆ The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.调查结果分为截然不同的两组。
★distinct from sth◆ Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。
◆ rural areas, as distinct from major cities完全不同于大城市的农村地区3 [only before noun ] used to emphasize that you think an idea or situationdefinitely exists and is important 确定无疑的；确实的；确切的◆ Being tall gave Tony a distinct advantage.托尼个子高是个明显的优势。
◆ I had the distinct impression I was being watched.我确实感到有人在监视我。
◆ A strike is now a distinct possibility.目前罢工确有可能发生。
▶ dis·tinct·ly◆ I distinctly heard someone calling me. 我清楚地听到有人在叫我。
◆ a distinctly Australian accent 明显的澳大利亚口音◆ He could remember everything very distinctly . 他什么事都能记得清清楚楚。
△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）——→immigration n. 移民；移居入境——→△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民★immigrate(to…)\ (from…)to come and live permanently in a country a er leaving your own country （从外地）移居；移民比较emigrate (from…)\ (to…)to leave your own country to go and live permanently in another country 移居国外；移民strait n. 海峡生义a very difficult situation especially because of lack of money （尤指经济拮据引起的）困境，境况窘迫◆ The factory is in dire straits. 工厂岌岌可危。
◆ She found herself in desperate financial straits. 她发觉自己经济状况极为窘迫。
△Bering 白令海峡Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的the Arctic 北极means n. 手段；方法★ [countable ] means(of sth/of doing sth)1.an action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way ofachieving or doing sth 方式；方法；途径◆ Television is an effective means of communication.电视是一种有效的传播途径。
◆ Is there any means of contacting him?有没有什么办法和他取得联系？◆ We needed to get to London but we had no means of transport.我们需要去伦敦，但却没有任何交通工具。
2 [plural ] the money that a person has 财富；钱财◆ People should pay according to their means.人们应该按照各自的负担能力来消费。
◆ He doesn't have the means to support a wife and child.他无钱养活妻小。
◆ Private school fees are beyond the means of most people (= more than they can afford).私立学校的费用是大多数人无力支付的。
◆ Are the monthly repayments within your means (= can you afford them)?这样按月还钱，你负担得了吗？◆ Try to live within your means (= not spend more money than you have).要尽可能量入为出。
◆ a man of means (= a rich man) 有钱人IDIOMS★by ˈall meansused to say that you are very willing for sb to have sth or do sth 可以；当然行；没问题◆ʻDo you mind if I have a look?ʼ ʻBy all means.ʼ“我看一眼行吗？”“当然可以。
”★ by means of sth( formal) with the help of sth 借助…手段；依靠…方法◆ The load was lied by means of a crane.重物是用起重机吊起来的。
★by no means | not by any meansnot at all 决不；一点也不◆ She is by no means an inexperienced teacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。
◆ We haven't won yet, not by any means.我们离成功还远着呢。
★ a means to an enda thing or action that is not interesting or important in itself but is a way ofachieving sth else （本身并不重要或有趣的）达到目的的手段◆ He doesn't particularly like the work but he sees it as a means to an end.他不怎么喜欢这项工作，只是把它看作达到目的的手段而已。