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新东方英语语法诀

英语语法是用来帮助我们了解语言的规律性,从而指导我们的语言实践的。

尽管托福结构的考试内容一般并没超出中学英语语法的范畴,然语法并不是很容易掌握的。

我国素以重视语法教学著称,似乎在大学阶段应该问题不大了,而教过一个月后,我的学生们总要提出要多讲点语法知识,十多载的民意测验无出其右。

这说明他们的语法知识掌握的并不牢固,且其英文写作同样是“乱云飞渡” 。

香港学者钱歌川先生在《英语疑难问题解答》一书中,曾将动名词作动词的宾语的情况概括为“霉咖啡不是”(megafips ) 惜为文不雅,且欠科学。

受其启发,我精心开出一剂完全药方,对重大语法现象做了系统总结,谓之曰“歌诀法”(含口诀)。

十六套歌诀从教学中来,又多次回到教学中去。

它曾治愈过很多人的“语法病” ,对高职生尤其有效,且疗效持久。

文中歌诀也许尚未完美,但我坚持认为“别管黑猫白猫,掌握语法就是好猫。

”第一部分:不定式、动名词作宾语的四种情况不定式、动名词作宾语情况复杂多变,不少学习者感到颇为“闹心” 。

它们是各类考试的重心,也是中国学生丢分的“重灾区” 。

其症结在于考生拿不准到底哪些动词必须以动名词作宾语;哪些动词必须以不定式作宾语;有些动词既可以动名词宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,意思基本不变;有些动词既可以动名词宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,意思却不同?其一,有些动词须以动名词宾语,它们可用“ MP\4r\ caf色disk ”来记,即“宪兵带着4把手枪在咖啡馆里看光盘” (把字母r 想象成手枪)。

M 指mind, miss, men ti onWhen I mention playing football, he says he's too busy.He just missed being run over by a truck.P 指preve nt, permit, postp one, pard on, practiceWe don 't permit smoking in the office.Practice throwing the ball into the net .4R 指risk, resist, rese nt,resume:Informing the truth risks destroying the patients ' hope.Jill couldn 't resist making jokes about his baldness.Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part in deceiving patients.c 指con sider, con templatewe're considering going to USA.I don't contemplate (预料) him opposing my plan.a 扌旨admit, avoid, appreciate, an ticipateHe admitted having done wrong.I appreciate hearing from you again.We anticipate deriving much instruction from the lecture.f 指face, fan cy, finishFancy his being so rude!e 指excuse, enjoy, escapeHe escaped being punished.Excuse my interrupting you.d 指delay, defer, deny, dispute (不同意),detest (痛恨)She defers (暂缓)making a decision.Why have you delayed opening the school.He denied (否认) knowing anything about it.i指imagine , invoIveI can 't imagine living anywhere but Australia.The job involves me living in London.s 指suggest succeedI suggested taking the children to the zoo. k 指keepThe inserts keep reproducing themselves.其二,有些动词必须以不定式作宾语,它们是:(口诀二)三w、he,五a领着四d、p, 一r m二I、b, 接不定式o, u, e。

它包括了三个以w开头的单词,三个以h开头的单词,三个以e开头的单词,五个以a开头的单词,分别以d、p开头的单词各四个,分别以I、b开头的单词各两个,分别以r, m, o, u, e开头的单词各一个。

注: 3 w、he是want, wish, wait 和hope , help, hesitate 以及care, choose, consentAnna is waiting to have a word with you.He hesitated to buy the coat.We chose to go by train.二I、b是learn, long:和beg, bear.I can 't bear him to deceive me.I Iong to go abroad.五a 是:agree, ask., afford, arran ge, attemptShe agreed to heIp me with computer.四d 是dare , dema nd, determ ine, decide,She demanded to be toId everything.四p 是pIan, pretend, promise, prepareHe promised to give me a stove oven.以 r, m, o, u, e 开头的五个单词分别是 refuse ,manage He managed\ offered to reserve He undertook\ expect \ refuse to 其三,有 16 个动词既可以动名词宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,意思基本不变。

因为接动名词、不定 式均可,情况又变得简单起来,只需记住一句话就行,即: (口诀三)双方一旦开始 (begin, start, ), 无论 喜欢 (like, prefer )与否 (hate, dislike) ,都得继续 (continue) 下去。

都不能打算( intend , attempt, propose )忽视( neglect )开始( commence )的爱( love )。

习惯 (be accustom to) 也好,害怕 (afraid to do \ of doing) 也好,难以容忍 ( can 't bear) 也好。

(参见 Michael Swan: 《英语用法指 南》第 339条)I 'm afraid to tell \ of telling her.She can 't bear to get \getting her coat dirty.He is accustom to work \to working hard.其四,有9个动词既可以动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,意思却不同。

歌诀(四)曰:remember 、 forget, try 、mean 、stop 、regret,want 、 need 、 require 。

注:remember to do sth.指记住(别忘记)要做某事,remember doing sth.记得(回忆起)曾 做过某事;forget to do sth 指忘了要做某事,forget doing sth.忘了要做某事;try to do sth 指试图 做某事,try doing sth.试试看(试过); mean to do sth 指打算,有意图,mean doing sth.意味着, 就是;stop to do sth 停下来做某事,此为目的状语, stop doing sth.停止做某事。

Regret to do sth对现在要发生的事表示“遗憾” ,regret doing sth.对发生过的事表示“后悔” 。

want to do sth 指希望, 想要; want doing sth.需要,该;need\ require to do sth 都是需要 require'need doing sth.该都是动 名词主动式表示被动。

因这 9个单词既可接不定式,又可接动名词,我们比之为“九条两头蛇。

”时态一致原则 英语时态一致也叫时态呼应。

指在复合句中某些从句(主要是宾语从句等名词从句)谓语动词的时 态往往受主句谓语动词的时态的影响,因此,须保持主从两部分从句中的时态一致。

这对许多中国学生 来说,又是一道“八卦阵” 。

主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时,从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。

主 句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去时。

情况可分 5种:歌诀(五)为:一般 /进行时间同,后主将来先完成。

真理不受时间限,具体时间过去从。

注:“一般 /进行时间同”,指从句用了一般过去时或过去进行时,表示从句与主句的谓语动词的动作同 时 发 生 。

如 : I explained to them my friend knew no French. He wondered what the boys were doing there."后主将来”指从句谓语动词的动作“后于”主句谓语动词的动作,从句须用过去将来时; “先完成” 指从句谓语动词的动作“先于”主句谓语动词的动作,从句须用过去完成时。

如: The Swede was warned that Napoleon would probably ask him 3 questions.I asked him where he had been., offer, undertake, expecttwo berths for us. actas our guide.“真理不受时间限”指如从句表述的是客观真理,即便是主句用的是过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。

例:Copernicus discovered that Earth revolves around the sun.“具体时间过去从” 指从句中有具体的时间状语,从句要用一般过去时,即便是从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前也如此。

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