非谓语动词之七大经典原则四大解题步骤一.非谓语动词的七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained2. _____ this cake，you’ll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not_____，and asked myself what I was going to do.A. movedB. movingC. to moveD. Being moved4. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs.A. to listen; to climbB. listening; to climbC. listening; climbD. listening; to climbing－ing形式作伴随状语与to do作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。
1. Write to the editor, ________ that the editor would be able to help her．（hope ）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there_________ on a big rock．( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night ,_________ a long speech. ( prepare )4. ___________ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。
不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left.A. to findB. findingC. foundD. to have found8. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。
但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____.A. to be heardB. to have heardC. hearingD. being heard10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _____at the back of the classroom with his eyes_____upon her.A. seating; fixingB. to seat; fixingC.having seated; fixedD. seated; fixed原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应主句主语保持一致.12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____.A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given to John13. While watching television，_____.A. the door bell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）14._____ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.A.Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. to be separated15. The manager，_____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us，left the meeting room.A. who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making16.—Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know whathe studied in?country he will study in?he studies in?—Yes, In London.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying 原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。
17.There will be more than three hundred scientistsattending the meeting _____ the day after tomorrow.A. holdB. holdingC. heldD. to be held18. There are hundreds of visitors _____ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.A. waitedB. to waitC. waitingD. wait19. “Things _____ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.A. lostB. losingC. to lostD. have lost20. —The last one _____ pays the meal.—Agreed!A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving二. 非谓语动词解题四大步骤（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”1.______many times , but he still couldn't understand it .2. ______many times , he still couldn't understand it .A. Having been toldB. Being toldC. He had been toldD. Though he was told3. ___a hot day, we’d better go swimming.4. ____ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.A.IsB. To beC. BeingD. It beingE. It wasF. Been（二）找逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party werefrom South Africa.4. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it.一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。