5. Robinson Crusoe
• Brief story • Characterization • Topic Individualism An image of the rising Bourgeoisie
III. Samuel Richardson
He was asked to compile a volume of model letters for people, so began his career of writing. R’s novels are mostly feminine-centered narrative, which sets the main tune of women writer’s such as Jane Austen’s: family novels. Main works are Pamela and Clarissa
Writing features
• Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous. In simple direct and precise prose, Swift is almost unsurpassed in English literature. • Swift is one of the realistic writers and a master satirist and the most original writer of his time. His realism is quite different from Defoe’s. Defoe’s stories are based on the reality of human life, while all of Swift’s plots come from imagination, which is the chief means he uses in his satires. His satire is marked by outward gravity and an apparent calmness. This makes his satire all the more powerful.
2. Development of novel writing in C18th
• Defoe: picaresque novels personal adventures • Swift: satiric novels the weak points of human beings and social evils • Richardson: epistolary novels virtue, chastity or other behaviors of high morality of a lady • Fielding: novel of the third person, panoramic novels, comic epic in prose
R’s Writing features
He, for the first time, employs the technique to show characters as personalities, with the author absent from the stage. His story was told in Epistolary novels in which the narrative is conveyed entirely by an exchange of letters. He paved the way for the later psychological novels.
4. Defoe’s writing Features
• His language is pure naked English, smooth, easy, Almost colloquial, yet never coarse. • Being a middle class, he has his weaknesses. He doesn’t condemn Negroslavery and support colonialism in his works.
• Though he wrote pamphlets and poems, he was chiefly a novelist, and then a dramatist. • He was called the founder of English realistic novel and Father of English novel. • Many critics said he wrote the first modern English novel, Tom Jones.
Jonathan Swift
• • • • • Status Life Works Writing features Gulliver’s Travels
works
• • • • Bickerstaff Almanac The Battle of the Books《书的战争》（1704） A Tale of A Tub《一只桶的故事》（1704） The Journal to Stella《斯特拉日记》（17101713） • A Modest Proposal《一个温和的建议》（1729） • Drapier’s Letters《布商的信》（1724，1725） • Gulliver’s Travelobinson Crusoe,鲁滨逊漂流记 Captain Singleton,辛格顿船长1720 Moll Flanders,摩尔·弗兰德斯1722 Colonel Jacque, 杰克上校1722
4. Writing Features,P148-149 Features,P148• As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class. hard-working, sturdy middle class • Defoe was a very good story-teller. He had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and fascinating.
Causes of the rise of English novel
• Realism plays a leading role in the 18th century literature. • enlarging readers of novel • colorfulness of novel writing. • Excellent novelists emerged in this period.
Emergence of English Novel
• The modern European novel began after the Renaissance, with Cervantes’s Don Quixote(1605-1615). • The modern English novel began two centuries later, in the 18th century. • The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature
Main Contents
• I. Review Novel writing in the 18th century and Swift • II. Daniel Defoe • III. Samuel Richardson • IV. Henry Fielding
II. Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731 16601. Status Father of English novel, realistic writer 2. Life experience 3. Works 4. Writing features 5. Robinsin Crusoe
IV. Henry Fielding
• • • • • 1. status 2. development of novel writing 3. Fielding as a dramatist 4. Fielding as a novelist 5. F’s Writing features
1. Henry Fielding’s status
Realism
• Realism is a mode of writing that gives the impression of recording life as it really is without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. • The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement in the 18th century English literature. The novelists of this group told the reader in their novels about the ordinary people, about their thoughts, feelings and struggles. • The realist novelists of this century are Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollett.