泗州学校Sizhou School高三英语选修八导学案编号：2014- 课型：新授课上课时间：第1周主备人：沙千审核人：班级：小组：姓名：评价：UNIT1 A LAND OF DIVERSITY1．live on 继续存在，继续生存The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. (教材P1)这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
She lived on for many years after her husband died.丈夫死后她继续活了多年。
live on sth以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live through经历过；经历……而未死live by doing 靠做某事物为生live a．.. life 过着……的生活live up to遵从；履行；不辜负live with容忍；忍受(2010·湖北高考)Had she ________ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A．looked up to B．lived up to C．kept up with D．come up with2．However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。
本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。
句中的likely为形容词，意为“可能的”，常用于It is likely that...“有可能……”或sb.be likely to do sth.“某人有可能做某事”句型中。
She is not likely to come next month. 她下月很可能不来①likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，作“可能的”的意思解释时常用作表语形容词，主要句法结构有：sb./sth.＋be＋likely＋to do sth.；It is likely＋that-clause。
likely用作定语形容词时常意为“似乎合适的、有希望的”。
②possible表示客观上的可能性，possible常构成的结构有：It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.；It is possible＋that-clause。
possible作定语时，有时解释为“合适的”。
③probable表示“可能发生或实现的”，比possible的可能性大。
常构成的句型有：sth. is probable；It is probable＋that-clause。
(2010·陕西高考) Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.A．likely B．possible C．probable D．sure3．by means of 用……办法；借助Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. (教材P2)科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一座史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
by this means用这种方法by all means 一定，务必by no means一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) by any means 无论如何Try by all means to save the dying. 一定要尽力抢救那个垂危的病人。
This is by no means the first time you have been late. 这绝不是你第一次迟到了。
【提示】means作“方式，方法”时单复数同形。
若是all means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若是every/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
【一言辨异】All possible means have been tried，but not every means works.所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。
(2011·浙江高考)—Can I come and have a look at your new house?—Yes，________！A．with pleasure B．I like it C．I quite agree D．by all means4．majority n. 大多数；大半Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (教材P2)在首批移居加利福尼亚的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向当地人传授天主教。
A majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.in the /a majority占多数 a majority of...over sb.超过对方……的票数minority n. 少数；少数民族【提示】a/the majority (of...)表示“(……的)大多数”，修饰可数名词，作主语时，谓语用复数，修饰不可数名词时，谓语用单数。
the majority 单独作主语时，表示泛指多数，谓语单复数均可。
(2011·湖南高考)One-third of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people.A．is；are B．is；is C．are；are D．are; is5．That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是为什么今天还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
that is why...表示“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
That is why I came back. 这就是为什么我回来了。
That is why she is so happy. 那就是她为什么如此高兴的原因。
6．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等，开始新生活Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. (教材P2)有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人尽管困难重重，还是留在了加利福尼亚谋生。
They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves.他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。
bring... (back) to life 给某人/事物活力；使复活come to life 苏醒live/lead a．..life 过着……的生活It was an opportunity to make a better life for herself. 这是使自己能更好生活的机会。
7．elect v．选择，决定做某事(后常跟不定式)；选举，推选By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society. (教材P2)到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。
We elected him (to be) monitor.我们选他当班长。
elect sb. (to be/ as) 选举某人为……elect sth. (as) 选择……作为职业elect to do...决定做某事election n. 选举【提示】表示“选举”，主要指选举某人担任某职位。
若所涉及的职位独一无二，则通常不用冠词choose/select/elect8．percentage n. 百分比，百分率(常用high，low，small，large修饰)Today，Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to st ay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco. (教材P2)今天，加利福尼亚的所有地区都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和旧金山的“中国城”。
A high percentage of the college students have part-time jobs at home and abroad.不管是在国内还是在国外，很大比例的大学生一边学习一边打工。
【提示】①percentage前不用具体的数字修饰，但可以被high, low等形容词修饰。
②percent百分之……，相当于“%”，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。
③“a percentage of ＋n.”在句中作定语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数形式而定。
9．keep up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. (教材P2)从丹麦来的移民在1911年建立了他们自己的城镇，今天它仍然沿袭着他们的丹麦文化。