重大危险源风险因素识别及应急预案
液化天然气（CH4）
二理化性质及危险识别
闪点：-306 °F (-187.8 °C)
自燃点：999 °F (537 °C)
可燃范围：5.0% - 15%
LNG是一种易燃，无色，无味易燃液体。
当LNG气化后与空气混合在浓度超过5.0％时会构成即时的火灾和爆炸危险。
达到使人员迅速窒息浓度的甲烷气体也在其爆炸极限之内。
人员不应进入。
潜在健康危害：
吸入：甲烷本身是无毒的。
然而，它会导致空气中的氧气含量减少而对人员健康产生危害。
暴露于缺氧（小于19.5％）环境中会使人头晕，恶心，呕吐，意识丧失，甚至死亡。
在极度缺氧（小于12％）的环境中，人员通常不会觉察到前述不适症状而迅速昏迷并死亡。
需要注意的是，在甲烷达到窒息浓度之前就已经超过其在空气中的爆炸极限，所以会同时导致窒息和爆炸的危险。
皮肤接触LNG，可致严重冻伤。
三削减措施和应急预案
1、急救：
冻伤：应尽快脱离低温环境且搬运是必须轻柔，用温水冲洗冻伤部位，使其尽快恢复。
吸入：转移到新鲜空气中。
如果伤者没有呼吸，对其进行人工呼吸。
如果伤者呼吸困难，需要吸氧。
尽快安排医疗处理。
2、泄漏应急处理措施：
泄露处理步骤：撤离受影响的区域。
消除任何可能的点火源，并使用防爆通风设备进行最大限度的通风。
使用使用与甲烷的可燃气体探测仪监测甲烷的浓度。
不要进入甲烷浓度大于1.0％（可燃下限的20 ％）的区域。
大气中甲烷浓度超过5.0％时随时会有火灾和爆炸的危险，需要使用适当的防护设备（自给式呼吸器和防火服）。
可能的情况下关闭泄漏源。
隔离泄漏的设备。
惰化置换后进行维修（参照HSE专项程序）。
3、消防措施：
灭火剂：干粉，泡沫，二氧化碳或水。
灭火指导：从泄漏区疏散所有人员。
在保证安全的情况下,尽可能的关闭甲烷来源，然后根据燃烧材料的类型灭火。
这样才可以避免可燃气体的聚集并形成可燃性混合物后再次自燃。
大量喷水保持邻近设备的冷却，直到泄漏气体完全燃烧。
必要时佩戴自给式呼吸器（ SCBA）。
四应急联系电话
应急电话：5128646 火警：119 急救电话：120
现场负责人及电话：总经理：
生产经理：
H S E副经理：
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
二〇一二年二月二十日Significant hazards identification and controls
1、chemical name
2、Physical and Chemical Properties and
Hazard Identification
Flash point: -306 °F (-187.8 °C)
Autoignition :999 °F (537 °C)
Flammable range: 5.0% - 15%
LNG is a flammable liquid , colorless, odorless . It poses an immediate fire and explosion hazard when LNG gasified and mixed with air at concentrations exceeding 5.0%. High concentrations that can cause rapid suffocation are within the flammable range and should not be entered.
Acute potential health effects:
Inhalation: Methane is nontoxic. It can, however, reduce the amount of oxygen in the air necessary to support life. Exposure to oxygen-deficient atmospheres (less than 19.5 %) may produce dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and death. At very low oxygen concentrations (less than 12 %) unconsciousness and death may occur without warning. It should be noted that before suffocation could occur, the lower flammable limit for Methane in air will be exceeded; causing both an oxygen deficient and an explosive atmosphere. You will be serious injured by its extremely low temperature if you contact with LNG.
3、Mitigations and Controls
（1）First aid:
Cold burn: The injured person shall be moved away from immediate area gently. Flush the contact point with mild water in order to help the recovery.
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air. If not breathing, administer artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Obtain prompt medical attention.
（2）Accidental release measures:
Steps to be taken if material is released or spilled: Evacuate immediate area. Eliminate any
possible sources of ignition, and provide maximum explosion-proof ventilation. Use a
flammable gas meter calibrated for Methane to monitor concentration. Never enter an area where Methane concentration is greater than 1.0% (which is 20% of the lower flammable limit). An immediate fire and explosion hazard exists when atmospheric Methane concentration exceeds 5.0%. Use appropriate protective equipment (SCBA and fire resistant suit). Shut off source of leak if possible. Isolate any leaking equipments and purge with an inert gas before attempting repairs.(detailed HSE procedures are available)
（3）Fire fighting measures:
Extinguishing media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or water.
Special fire fighting instructions: Evacuate all personnel from area. If possible, without risk, shut off source of methane, and then fight fire according to types of materials burning. This will avoid possible accumulation and re-ignition of a flammable gas mixture. Keep adjacent equipments cool by spraying with large amounts of water until the fire burns itself out. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required.
4、Emergency Phone Numbers:
CCR：5128646 Fire：119 First aids: 120
Site management team contacts:
General Manager:
Production Manager:
HSE Deputy Manager:。