非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一．如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语：1.看横线所在的位置具体方法如下：如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。

如：The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。

如：The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.二．作定语时的逻辑主语：作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。

如：The meeting held yesterday was very important.三．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语：1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如：1）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______.A. to spendB. spentC. being spentD. spending2）The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover3）— The last one __________________ pays the meal.— Agreed! (2007全国卷I)A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving四．作定语的具体用法：1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done（务必牢记）.注：having done 绝对不能作定语。

原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用having done作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。

如：The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(这句话中的having waited,作的不是定语，而是状语)The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home五．作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系：to do:只表示动作还没发生，不强调和逻辑主语的主被动关系。

如: I have a lot of things to do.The years to follow will be very hard.to be done: 和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作还没发生。

如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important.doing (及物动词)：和逻辑主语是主动关系如：He received a letter saying his mother would come to see him soon.being done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作正在进行如：The meeting being held now is very important.done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作已经完成。

注：Things lost will never come again.We finished the work in less than half the time allowed.注：不及物动词的现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行；过去分词作定语：只表示动作的完成，不表被动。

如：the developing countries:发展中国家the developed countries：发达国家六．不定式作定语的几种情况及注意事项a)当被修饰的名词之前有序数词或形容词最高级并且和所修饰的名词是主动关系时，要用不定式作定语。

如：He is the best person to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.b)当被修饰的名词是抽象名词时，要用不定式作定语。

如：Do you have the ability to write in English.c)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式之后必须有相应的介词。

但是如果不定式所修饰的名词是time, place 或way 时，不定式之后的介词习惯上可以省略。

如：I need a room to live in.I need a pen to write with.I had money and no place to live( in).d)当作定语的不定式和所修饰的名词是被动关系时，不定式既可用主动形式，也可以用被动形式，但表达的含义不同。

试比较：I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。

（我就是to do动作的发出者）I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。

(被别人做，别人是to bedone动作的发出者）七．非谓语动词作定语的一些用法比较：1.to be done, being done, done 作定语的区别相同点：和所修饰的名词都是被动关系不同点：在时间上.to be done：动作未发生being done: 动作正在进行done：动作已完成如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very importantThe meeting being held now is very importantThe meeting held yesterday was very important.2. have something to do 和have something to be done 的区别have something to do：主语有事自己做have something to be done：主语有事让别人做如：I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。

（我就是to do动作的发出者）I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。

(被别人做，别人是to bedone动作的发出者）非谓语动词作定语高考题专练1. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed3. There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. addingD. added4. There are hundreds of visitors _______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.A. waitedB. to waitC. waitingD. wait5. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ________ Chinese in the school, most ________ were from Germany.A. study; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom6. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2008.A. holdB. holdingC. heldD. to be held7. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____.A. blamedB. blamingC. to blameD. to be blamed8. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A. being givenB. is givenC. givenD. was given9. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. (2007全国卷II)A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close10. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007上海卷)A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed11. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. (2007湖南卷)A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lost12. Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat13. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down14. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.A. allowingB. to allowC. allowedD. allows15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.A. findingB. being foundC. to findD. found16. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. located17. T he play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced18. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm.A. grownB. being grownC. to be grownD. to grow19. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for theeducation of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced20. Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take21. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding22. With the government’s aid, those ______ by the ear thquake have moved to the new settlements.A. affectB. affectingC. affectedD. were affected23. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of thebrain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating24. With the world changing fast, we have something new _______with all by ourselves every day.A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing25. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _________from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing26. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertisedB. to be advertise dC. advertisingD. having advertised27. So far nobody has claimed the money ___________________in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered28. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed29. His first book next month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published30. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning31. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired32. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing33. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce34. On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say35. The island, ______to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined36. Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared37. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen38. The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itselfA expressingB expressedC to expressD to cover39. The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selectingB to selectedC selectedD having selected40. Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path _____up to the house.A. leadingB. leadsC. ledD. to lead41. Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. foundedD. to be founded42. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made43. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____.A. providingB. providedC. having providedD. provide44. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started45. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered答案：1-5BCDCD 6-10CCCCC 11-15ACBCD 16-20DCABC 21-25ACBCC 26-30 AABBC 31-35DDBCC 36-40BBCCA 41-45CABAB非谓语动词作补语一：补语的种类（两种）：1. 宾语补足语2. 主语补足语二．如何判断非谓语动词作的是补语：1. 宾语补足语A. 如果横线部分放在了及物动词+名词或代词之后。