高中英语易错知识点总结(内部资料)[1.定语从句在什么情况下用whose引导]whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词,在从句中作定语,往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。
Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。
例如:Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗?Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor. 沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。
[2.定语从句引导词that和which的区别]定语从句中的8种情况:只能用that引导1.在从句中为了避免与疑问词who重复时2.从句修饰词被the one修饰时3.从句修饰词被含有人和物的名词时4.从举所修饰词被everything,anything,something等不定代词修饰时5.从句所修饰词被all ,more,any等不定代词修饰时6.从句所修饰的词又被the only ,the very(强调语气)the last,the same 修饰时7.从句修饰的词又被叙述词修饰时8.修饰的词被形容词最高级修饰时[3. 的几个短语]down 不接受,把...调小into sth. 转变off 关闭, 使...停止on 打开,是...开始out 终于成为...out a light关灯over 把...翻转up到达以上的均为动词词性in 逐个的take at sth.=take it in turns to do sth.逐个做某事turing转弯口以上的为名词词性[4.几个道路的区别]way 范指一切的路path 人或动物踩踏而成的小径street两旁有建筑的road供车辆行驶的highway 公路[5.几个旅游的区别]journey指有明确方向的,长途的,陆路的旅行,通常比较辛苦. travel范指旅行voyage多指海路或空间的长途旅行trip短距离的.又回到出发地的.tour巡游[6.bed的用法]n.[C]be in bed是卧床睡觉The children are in bed.孩子们都在床上呢in the bed是自作自受的意思可以与lie on the bed转换vt.1. 为...提供床铺(或宿处)[(+down)]2. 把...安置在(某种基础上),将...嵌入[O]The bullet bedded itself in the wall.这颗子弹嵌进了墙内。
3. 把...栽于苗床(或花坛)[(+out)]They bedded the plants in good soil.他们将这些秧苗栽在沃土中。
4. 【口】和...发生性关系vi.1. 睡,卧[(+down)]I'll bed down on the sofa.我就睡在沙发上。
[7.备注:句中避免重复的代词用法]在英语中,如果一个句子中出现两次同一个词.通常要换用代词来代替前面提到的事物. the ones和those代替复数名词that代替单数名词和不可数名词[8.备注:主动变被动要加to的用法]在主动语态中,使让动词(make,have,let)和感官动词(see,look,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel,find)后必省略to,但在被动语态中必须加上to例:在教室里我们听见他唱了这首歌we heard him sing this song in the classroom.he was heard to sing this song by us in the classroom.[9.强调句式的用法]由It's ....that/who....构成,中间的关系词必须是that/who,没有其他词的可能性。
It's ....that/who....的强调句型只是为了强调某一成分,而不充当成分。
所以它和It 作形式主语,真正的主语从句后置的情况有所不同。
请看以下2个例子就很容易分辨出2者不同。
eg:1.It's necessary that we should learn english.(主语从句)2.It's not until he got off the bus that he realized she was the daughter of headmaster.(强调句型)因为强调句型中的It's....that/who....在句子中不充当任何成分。
所以去掉后句子依然完整。
例子2去掉It's....that/who....后就成了until he got off the bus he realized she was the daughter of headmaster而例子1去掉后句子则不完整。
[10.if和whether的区别](1)if和whether都可以引导宾语从句,常常可以互换,表示“是否”。
如:I don’t know whether(=if)I should tell him.我不知道是否应该告诉他。
(2)但两者也有微妙的差别,请注意whether可与or not连用,而if不可以在句首时用whether,而不用if;在介词后用whether,而不用if;引导主语从句时用whether,而不是if;引导同位语从句时用whether,而不用if;表示“如果”时用if,而不用whether。
如:I don’t know whether he will or not.我不知道他是否会来。
Whether you take part in or not the result will be the same.你参不参加结果都是一样的。
It depends on whether he can solve the problem.那取决于他能否解决这个问题。
He can’t decide whether to visit her or not.他决定不出是否去看她。
Whether he will is still a question.他是否会来还是一个疑问。
3.例题分析。
1)Only one of the books is ____ . ( NMET 86)A. worth to readB. worth being readC. worth of readingD. worth reading此题答案为D。
Sth.作主语时,be worth后应跟动名词,或sth. be worthyof being done。
2)Rather than_____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.A. ride; rideB. riding; ridingC. ride; to rideD. riding; to ride此题答案为C。
句子为“宁愿干……而不愿干……”的常用句型。
此类句型还有would rather do…than do…和prefer doing sth. to doing sth.3)The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it’s very comfortable to _____.A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on此题答案为B。
句型为“主语+ be + adj. + to do”,常用不定式主动式代替被动式。
如:It was hard to choose.很难决定啊。
若动词是不及物动词,要跟相应的介词,如:The ice is hard enough to skate on.这冰够硬,可以在上面滑冰。
[11. 辨析: but; except ;besides]except prep.除...以外(在整体中除去一部分)except+n./pron./介词短语/to do (有时to可以省略)eg.We're succeed except Yang.除了杨之外我们都成功了.I looked everywhere except in the bedroom.除了卧室我哪个地方都找了.but I. conj.II. prep.[用于no, nobody, nothing, all, who, where等词后]除...以外eg.除了Jim谁还会做这样的傻事?Who but Jim would do such an foolish thing.除了两把椅子外房间里什么也没有.There's nothing but two chairs in the room.等于except,但还有一些区别,but着重整体且常用在no,nobody,nothing,all,who,where 等次的后面.except不受此限,却着重在除去的那部分.eg.The window is never opened except in summer.那扇窗子除夏天外从不打开.except+ to do 时to 可以省略eg.He did nothing except (to)work.他除了工作什么也不做.but ;except除...以外表示从整体减去部分时.可换用We're all here but/except Mary.besides prep.除...以外(还有...)eg.除了他们都去以外还有Tom也去了.They all went there besides Tom.except+动词不定式时[当句中的谓语是do 或动词+to do形式,宾语是anything,everything,nothing,不定式符号to 可以省略]eg.除了睡觉她什么也不想做.She doesn't want to do anything except (to )sleep.[12.辨析: little;a little;few;a few]few修饰复数名词"少,几乎没有"a few修饰复数名词"一些"little 修饰不可数名词"少,几乎没有"a little修饰不可数名词"一点"a little 还可以修饰adj.eg.a little tired[13. aloud/ loud / loudly 区别]aloud/ loud / loudlyaloud ,loud 和loudly 都可以表示“大声地”,但在用法上有区别。