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翻译理论与实践教案(PPT)
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Omission of the Preposition
♦ Rumors had already spread along the streets
and lanes.
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Omission of the Conjunction
♦ He declined to amplify on the President’s
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Omission(E-C)
Omission of the Pronoun; Omission of the Article ; Omission of the Preposition; Omission of the Conjunction; Omission of the Verb; Omission of the Special Pronoun “It”.
Diction
♦ 去掉不适当的夸张;(该市的人都赞成 。) ♦ 要注意轻重和范围的大小;(她吓得魂不
附体 。) ♦ 用词要注意褒贬;(她是一个有独立见解 的思想家。) ♦ 用词要具体 ; ♦ 同义词/近义词的选择 。
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Amplification
♦ Supplying Words Omitted in the Original ; ♦ Supplying Necessary Connectives; ♦ Supplying Words to Convey the Concept of
♦The Americans and the
Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages.
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For Purposes of Rhetoric or Coherence ♦For mistakes had been made, bad ones.
Avoid Repetition (Exception)
♦ There is no question that we will win and
the enemy will be defeated. ♦ We must strengthen public health services in rural areas in order to improve our people’s health.
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Omission of the Verb
♦ 相互了解,是建立互信关系的前提。 ♦ 中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的
坚定力量。
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Omission of the Phrase or the Sentence
♦ 不能把欧洲视为亚洲,也不能把亚洲视
为欧洲。 ♦ 美国和欧盟国家已连续六次在日内瓦的 联合国会议上提出这个议案,但是每一 次都没有得到通过,都失败了。
第二讲 词的翻译方法与技巧
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
直译和意译(literal and free translation); 选词(diction); 增词 (amplification); 省略 (omission); 转换 (conversion); 引申 (extension); 正反说 (affirmative and negative); 释译 (explanation)。
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Logical Thinking
♦Whereas Kissinger had once
needed Nixon as a channel to power, Nixon now needed Kissinger to help him remain in power.
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Supplying Words of Generalization
statement, since he had not read the (C-E)
♦ Omission of the Adjective ; ♦ Omission of the Adverb; ♦ Omission of the Prepositional Phrase ; ♦ Omission of the Verb ; ♦ Omission of the Phrase or the sentence; ♦ Consider as a Whole .
feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. ♦ We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
Avoid Repetition
♦ He
stressed that all State Council departments have an important responsibility in the struggle (against corruption) and said they are in a very important position. ♦ To maintain steady growth of the economy, we must implement a long-term policy of steady economic growth.
Adding Necessary Prepositions
♦ 每个人有一条生命。
Adding Necessary Background Words
♦ 建国以来 ;
♦ 抗战期间 。
Adding Necessary Words of Generalization
♦ 结婚大办酒席,实在可以免去了。 ♦ 要提倡顾全大局。 ♦ The practice of giving lavish
Chinese-English
Amplification
1. Adding necessary pronouns;
2. Adding necessary articles; 3. Adding necessary connectives; 4. Adding necessary prepositions; 5. Adding necessary background words; 6. Adding necessary words of generalization; 7. Avoid Repetition .
Supplying Words Omitted in the Original
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.
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Repitition
The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. I have experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. Blood must atone for blood. But there had been too much publicity about my case.
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Supplying Necessary Connectives;
He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequences. But without Adolf Hitler, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.
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Omission of the Article
♦ Winter is the best time to study the growth
of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.
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Supplying Background or Cultural Information
Le Monde, the B.B.C., the New York Times, the entire Arab press, all quote Heikal at length. The blond boy quickly crossed himself.
Diction ?
♦ Soft drink; soft light; soft water; soft
breeze; soft fire; soft heart; soft record ♦ 培训部; 编辑部; 指挥部; 师部; 外交部; 南部 1. Correspondence and Discriminating the original meaning; 2. Word Translation.
C-E
Omission of the Pronoun
♦ The retailers perform many functions. First,
he may provide a convenient location. Also, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer aids in promoting the product, often through displays and advertising. Fourth, the retailer may finance the customer by extending credit. Further, the retailer performs storage function in his outlet, by having goods available.