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立足基础 拓展思路 注重情境 提高能力


因为受到题干中 the season 的干扰, 有一些考生误选了 C. whenever 。 而正确选项应该是 whatever; 该句是省略句, 省略了 is 。 补充完整应该是: The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit whatever the season is 。 基础不牢,做题优柔寡断 35. Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much. [08 重庆] A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage 虽然该题考查的是时态, 所给的选项是初中学过的四种时态, 但是仍然有很多考生拿不 准到底应该选择哪个,说明对基础的语法知识掌握得还不是很扎实。 缺乏技巧,难以既快又准 还是以上一个题目为例,考生如果采取排除法、对比法和验证法等,就能够很快判断出 正确答案: 首先排除 A 和 C,因为如果选择这两项,那么从句中的时态就应该是过去完成时态, 因为是 play computer too much 导致的 damage their health; 其次对比一下 B 和 D 选项,并通过后面的 too much 可以判断,说话人是在陈述目前的 一种现象,所以正确答案应该是 B。假如选 D,那么引导从句的连词就应该是 if。 思维定势,导致望文生义 23. –Do you mind if I record your lecture?

命题形式——题干简短、选项一致ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
作为选择题,词汇和语法试题的题干趋于简短,以利于考生在短时间内读完题干,而选 项在形式上趋于一致,以增加干扰项的干扰性以及试题的难度。如: 27. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and _______ before you leave. [08 山东] A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 答案:C. everything (and everything 的意思是:and everything: [spoken] and a lot of other similar things 。再如: Tina's worried about her work and everything.) 3. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times _________. [08 浙江] A. as much 答案:A. as much (题干是省略句, 省略了 as that one, 该句补充完整为: I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times as much as that one.) 29. Students are always interested in finding out ________ they can go with a new teacher. [08 安徽] A. how far 答案:A. how far (这儿的 how far 表示的是抽象的意义,即 to what degree。) B. how soon C. how often D. how long B. as many C. so much D. so many
答案:B. could have managed 考查重点——情境与交际 语言学习是为了进行交际,而且语言的运用也是由情境来决定的。因此,对语言掌握和 运用的考查,是放在一个微型语境(micro context) 中来进行的。语境是命题者限制正确选项 的条件,同时也是考生解题的参考和依据。 25. -I have some big news for you. You’ve been accepted as a member of our club. -___________ That’s great! (08 安徽) A. Have I? B. Pardon? C. Congratulations! D. Good idea! 本题考查的是特定情境下的交际用语。 根据题干所提供的信息, 我们首先对交际的场合 有了具体的了解,而在这种特定场合下,我们可以通过逐个排除,最后确定第二个人在得知 这一消息后最初是不太敢相信; 而其它选项不能得体的完成交际任务, 甚至听起来感觉很荒 唐。 11. You ________ be hungry already ––you had lunch only two hours ago! [08 浙江] A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 本题的考查点为情态动词,表示说话人对于对方―已经感到饿了‖持一种否定的揣测,原 因是对方―只是在两个小时前刚刚吃过午饭‖。根据所学语法知识,只有 can’t 才能表示否定 的揣测,符合该语境下的交际要求。 7. -What’s that noise? -Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ___________. [08 浙江] A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 本题实际上是考查时态, 而时态的确定要结合题目所提供的情境, 即两个人在讨论第一 个人听到的噪音,而且噪音是由―正在被检测‖的机器发出的,因此选择 C 项。 词义辨析——体现课标词汇 随着课标的实施, 一些课标词汇越来越多地出现在词汇和语法试题中, 而且往往是以词 义辨析题的形式出现。如: 33. Would it be __________ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport? [08 山东] A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient 答案:D. convenient 34. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real __________. [08 山东] A. exchange 答案:B. bargain 12. There are plenty of jobs _________ in the western part of the country. [08 浙江] A. present 答案:B. available 28. In those days, our ________ concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and health care. [08 湖北] A. normal 答案:D. primary 上述几题中的考查词汇分别为 convenient,bargain ,available 和 primary,都是比较新的 词汇;另外,选项中还出现了 vacant、precious 、permanent 等词。 B. constant C. permanent D. primary B. available C. precious D. convenient B. bargain C. trade D. business
《新高考·语数外》特别策划·江苏教育出版社
立足基础
拓展思路
注重情境
提高能力
——英语高考试题中词汇和语法试题特点及备考思路
山东省平阴县第一中学 房立新(fanglixin@)
2008 年各份试卷中的词汇和语法试题基本上沿袭了多年来的考查特点,即注重语法和 词汇基础知识的测试, 并尽可能把语言知识的考查放在相对完整的语境中进行, 体现了语言 的交际性和工具性特点,增加了考查词义辨析的比例,展示了新课程特色。
一、2008 年词汇和语法试题的命题特点
考查范围——基础语言知识 根据统计可以看出,各省的词汇和语法试题基本涵盖了高中阶段所学的基础语法项目, 如冠词、代词、连词、时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、句子结 构分析、 词义辨析以及交际用语, 而且这些语法项目也一直是近些年以来该题考查的重点语 法项目。请看以下两题: 7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. [08 四川] A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung 答案:B. was ringing 30. -Which of the two computer games did you prefer? [08 全国 1] -Actually I didn’t like ______. A. both of them C. none of them 答案:B. either of them 通过以上两个题目, 可以看出高考试题并非考查很难的语法项目: 第一个考的是过去进 行时,第二个考查的是不定代词的用法,这都是初中学过的语法项目。即使考查虚拟语气这 样的―高级语法项目‖,也是在考查其基本的用法: 35. –I’m sorry. I _________ at you the other day. -Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. [08 江苏] A. shouldn’t shout C. mustn’t shout 答案:B. shouldn’t have shouted 该题考查的是虚拟语气,就相关的语法知识来讲,考生答对此题只需要知道 shouldn’t have done something 是表示―对于已经发生的事情的一种责备、后悔‖就足够了。无独有偶, 山东卷也有类似题目: 24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we _______ __ it without you. [08 山东] A. can manage C. could manage B. could have managed D. can have managed B. shouldn’t have shouted D. mustn’t have shouted B. either of them D. neither of them
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