2. cause anxiety (or stress / misunderstanding / resentment / climate change / traffic accidents /
safety concerns) 导致焦虑(或者压力/ 误解/ 怨恨/ 气候变化/ 交通事故/ 关于安全的担忧)
详解：【相关】result in …导致某种结果(动词短语) 【对比】prevent sth. 防止某事物的发生
【对比】prevent sb. from doing sth. 防止某人做某事
例句：Any kind of spare time charity work will prevent them from sitting and doing nothing.(剑9例句)
3. face fierce competition面对激烈的竞争(这个短语里的face 是及物动词，如果非要写得
二、倒退式(用来论证disadvantage消极的方面)
1. damage the environment (or someone’s health / someone’s self-confidence)破坏环境(或破坏
某人的健康/ 打击某人的自信)
例句：A regular diet of fast food can damage children’s health. 详解：【相关】is damaging to…对某事物有害
【反义】deny ab. access to something 让某人无法获取或使用某种资源
6.enrich someone’s learning(or work / cultural / artistic / life)experience 丰富某人的学习(或者工作的 / 文化的/ 艺术的/ 生活的)体验
例句：In many countries, employees are encouraged to invest in private pension (养老金)plans. 详解：【近义】fund sth.
例句：This affordability is further enhanced by the use of credit cards and loans in order to fund travel, especially for holiday purposes.(剑8例句) 【对比】be seriously underfunded资金严重不足的
详解：【注意】上面这个短语与is beneficial to……(对…有益)的主语和宾语位置正好相反，而且地道英文中有时还可以把它们放在文章的不同位置交替使用，以实现句式多样化。
【反义】suffer from… 遭受…… 【反义】be damaged by… 被……破坏
2. invest in 对…投资
例句：Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.(剑桥例句)
【反义】increase(或者raise)their stress levels 导致他们/她们的压力变得更大
9.is / are both educational and entertaining 既具有教育性又具有娱乐性，寓教于乐的 例句：Many museums offer a wide range of (广泛的)activities that are both educational and entertaining.
详解：【相关】stimulate creativity / imagination / economic growth 激发创造力 / 激发想象力 /
刺激经济发展
【反义】hinder the development of …阻碍某事物的发展 【反义】is / are counterproductive 对达成目标具有阻碍作用
8. help sb. to release stress and tension 帮助某人(例如)students / workers / employees /us )释放压力和紧张情绪。
例句：The program is designed to help people to release stress and tension caused by work or lifestyle-related activities.
3. promote creativity / environmental awareness / healthy lifestyles /gender equality / cultural diversity / economic growth / sustainable development / healthy competition 促进创造力/环境意识/健康的生活方式/性别平等/文化的多样性/经济增长/可持续发展/良性的竞争 例句：(i) Although the city has invested millions of pounds in museums and art galleries (美术馆，
例句：Some people think having school experience at a young age may be damaging to a child’s development.(剑桥例句)
【区分】国内同学们在IELTS作文里经常混淆damage 和destroy 这两个词，其实它们的区别很明确：damage sth. 是常规意义上的破坏，如果及时采取措施就仍然有可能去改变或者减轻这种破坏所带来的影响。而destroy sth. 则强烈地暗示该破坏已经到了beyond repair 的程度，无法再减轻或者修复了。比如说某种情况damage air quality ，它也许会导致PM2.5数值较高。但如果说某种情况destroy air quality，基本就要戴贩毒面具才能出门儿了。又比如你看到报纸上报导一座历史建筑被damaged，那么你可能会在这栋建筑里找到“×××到此一游”之类的不雅留言或者在墙上找到一些cracks(裂缝)，但是如果你看到新闻里说一栋历史建筑被destroyed，那么你就只能通过照片区永久地怀念它了(拆毁建筑还有个特定写法叫demolish a building，咱们在Day3里已经学过了)。
4. enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of …提高某事物的效率和效用(如果只是需要讨论效率或者只是需要讨论效用，则可以从efficiency 和effectiveness 里选择对应的一个) 例句：The main question about distance education is whether it enhances the efficiency and the effectiveness of learning.
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【相关】gain practical experience 获得实践的经验
7. is / are responsible for something (or doing something )有去从事某事的责任或者应对某事负责
例句: (i) Parents are responsible for teaching their children right from wrong (教他们的孩子分辨是非)
【相关】impose a high tax on sth. 对某事物征收重税，例句：为了促进公民的健康有一些欧洲国家have imposed a high tax on junk food, 俗称“肥胖税”(fat tax)
例句：As well as physical activity, high tax penalties (n.处罚)could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol.(剑9例句)
(ii) Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are responsible for this. (剑桥例句)
详解：【反义】be exempt from doing sth. 被免除某种责任，比如You are exempt from taking I)，it has done little to promote the development of healthcare services.
(ii) Healthy life balance and exercise are strongly promoted by the NHS(英国的国家医疗服务体系).(剑9例句)
一、前进式(用来论证advantage好的方面)
1. benefit from 从……当中获益
例句：Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other language subsequently will be easier from them.(剑9例句)