Words and phrases:(1) approximately: ad. (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correcte.g. At present there are no women among the approximately 40 cosmonauts in the Russianspace program.Worldwide, approximately 100 million sharks are killed each year, 98% exclusively fortheir fins.(2) thrilled: a. feeling intense pleasurable excitemente.g. We’re thrilled so many people are interested in trying out a new approach to onlinesharing.Also thrilled was Ryan’s father Gary, a former jump jockey and now successful trainer.(1)relentlessly: ad. in never-ceasing mannere.g. Boxers head for the gym and work out relentlessly every dayShe always questioned me relentlessly.(2)flake: a. a small thin piece of something, especially if it has come from a surface covered witha layer of somethinge.g. One flake and then another, and the deepest snow is laid.The only other sound’s the sweep of easy wind and downy flake.(3)patch: n. a small area of something that is different from the area around ite.g. There was a small patch of blue in the grey clouds.Children’s toys lay abandoned over a small patch of neat garden.(4)rambling: a. large and spreading out in many different directionse.g. Here was an old church, quaint and rambling and gabled.She had a huge, rambling country house called “The Gables”.(5)canopy: n.a covering (usually of cloth) that serves as a roof to shelter an area from theweathere.g. It was a deep pool under a high canopy of leaves.To the south Sycamore trees create a tall, broadleaf canopy.(6)scrap: n. a small irregular piece of something or a small amount of informatione.g. What they had discovered was nothing more than a scrap of metal.But in here, I cling to scrap of hope.(7)delicate: a. marked by great skill especially in meticulous techniquee.g. Thus she is represented within the church, in a delicate sculpture by Stefano Moderno.The delicate model was set in plastic to protect it.(8)churn: v. If water, mud, etc., churns, or if something churns it, it moves about violently.e.g. The tractor churn ed up the soil.A goose’s wings churn the air and leave an air current behind.(9)severe: a. very bad, intense, difficulte.g. Severe damage witnessed the destructive force of the storm.In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food.(10)lump: n. a small piece of something solid, without a particular shapee.g. She has worked up a lump of clay into a bust.The crow flew over the river with a lump of raw liver.(11)grimy: a. something that is grimy is very dirtye.g. This place was grimy and low, the girls were careless and hardened.Heading south, it took 15 minutes to get beyond the town’s grimy ring of lightindustry.(12)grip: n.a firm controlling influencee.g. The murder stunned Croatia, revealing the grip of organised crime and corruption.The entire city seemed to shake in the grip of a giant fist.(13)tame: a. A tame animal or bird is not wild any longer, because it has been trained to live withpeople.e.g. In three days after his capture he was quite tame.It’s incredible that the tame wolf is as mild as a lamb.(14)chop: v. to cut something into smaller piecese.g. Chop cashew nuts, pine nuts, peanuts and pumpkin seeds. Mix them together.Tell the cook to chop the meat into cubes before frying it.(15)leftover: n. food that has not been eaten at the end of a meale.g. You’d best warm up the leftovers before eating them again.After a quick meal of leftovers I want to get back to work!(16)inadequate: a. not good enough, big enough, skilled enough, etc., for a particular purposee.g. The main cause for price decline was not inadequate money supply.The plan, brilliant in its conception, failed because of inadequate preparation.(17)uncooperative: a. not willing to work with or help someonee.g. They became bossy, uncooperative and hostile in their efforts to ward off depression.But it also allows uncooperative people to convert the program into proprietarysoftware.(18)overhaul: v.to repair or change the necessary parts in a machine, system, etc., that is notworking correctlye.g. Your car is badly damaged. It needs a thorough overhaul.Boeing documentation describes the methods for detecting base metal damage whilein service and during overhaul.(19)go on strike: a group of workers deliberately stop working because of a disagreement aboutpay, working conditions, etc.e.g. The coal-miners decided to go on strike for better working conditions.The union has voted to go on strike for a pay increase of 10%.(20)bucket: n. an open container with a handle, used for carrying and holding things, especiallyliquidse.g. Mother tipped the slops out of the bucket into the sink.The bucket tipped up, pouring milk all over the floor.(21)call at: to stop at a place for a short timee.g. I must call at the library to give back this book.How many ports do we call at on our passage?(22)tramp: v. to walk somewhere slowly and with heavy stepse.g. I missed the train and had to tramp it.We had to tramp the creeks.(23)lug: v. to pull or carry something heavy with difficultye.g. She lug ged the suitcase out into the hallway.I know I don’t want to lug around that extra weight.(24)promptly: ad. without delaye.g. We’ll have to leave fairly promptly if we want to catch that train.She promised she’d keep it secret and promptly went and told Ben!(25)stoop: v. to bend your body forward and downe.g. He had to stoop to go through the door.He’s too fat to stoop down.(26)furiously: ad. in a manner marked by extreme or violent energye.g. In no time did they go at each other furiously.The dog ran at the boy, barking furiously.(27)messy: a. dirty or untidye.g. In this messy room, clothes are chucked about on the floor.The man is wearing long hair, fleecy and messy and never comb.(28)thaw: v. If it thaws, the weather becomes warmer, so that ice and snow melt.e.g. She forgot to thaw out dinner, so we went out to dine.To start with, you thaw the meat in the microwave oven.(29)squirt: v. If you squirt liquid or if it squirts somewhere, it is forced out in a thin fast stream.e.g. Keep an eye on the water though, and don’t let it squirt out of the pipes!Squirt onto a clean cloth, apply and surface and polish.(30)cart: v. draw slowly or heavilye.g. After both their parents died, one of their father’s relatives cart ed off the entirecontents of the house.Do you have to cart the bag round all day?(31)eventually: ad. after a long time, or after a lot of things have happenede.g. His endless recounting of the incident eventually became unbearable.The rain belt is moving southward; it will be sunny here eventually.(32)undoubtedly: ad. with certaintye.g. Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.There was undoubtedly something charismatic and unusual about him.。