■用独立结构合并句子作用：作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因、时间、条件、让步等那孩子回来了，脸青一块紫一块。

The boy came back. His face was black and blue.The boy came back (with) his face black and blue.那个男男孩走了进来，满脸是泥，一只手还留着血。

The boy came in. His face was covered with mud. His hand was bleeding.The boy came in, his face covered with mud, his hand bleeding.他面朝南站着，手里拿着一封信，热泪盈眶。

There he stood. His face was to the south. A letter was in his hand. There were tears in his eyes.There he stood, his to the south, a letter in hand, tears in his eyes.这是我们第一个图书馆，第二个将在明年建成。

This is our first library. The next is to be built next year.This is our first library, the next to be built next year.吃完了午饭，学生回到了各自的教室。

Lunch was over. The students returned to their respective classroom.Lunch over, the students returned to their respective classroom.无线电里在高声播放爵士乐，吵的那个老人睡不着觉。

The old man could fall asleep. The radio was blaring out jazz. The jazz was loud enough to wake the dead. →The old man could not fall asleep with the radio blaring out jazz loud enough to wake the dead. 由于爵士乐响个不停，那个老人没有睡好觉。

The old man did not sleep well. Jazz was on and on below his window.The old man did not sleep well with Jazz on and on below his window.她匆忙去上班，床没铺，门没关。

She rushed off to work. Her bed was unmade. The door was unlocked.She rushed off to work, (with) bed unmade, and door unlocked.■用同位语合并句子◆短语作同位语【例1】我们不得不学英语，它仍然是当今世界最重要的语言。

We have to learn English. It is still the most important language in the present world.We have to learn English, still the most important language in the present world.【例2】我们第一次见面是星期一，那是开学的第一天。

The day we met for the first time was Monday. It was the first day after the school began.The day we met for the first time was Monday, the first day after the school began.【例3】全体中国人民都怀有一个共同的愿望：将自己的祖国建成世界上最强大的国家。

All the Chinese people cherish one wish. The wish is to turn their motherland into the most powerful country in the world. →All the Chinese people cherish one wish—to turn their motherland into the most powerful country in the world.【例4】汉斯·贝特是一位才华横溢而极有魅力的理论家，他解释了为什么恒星会发光，并为原子弹和氢弹的开发奠定了基础。

Hans Beth was a brilliant and engaging theorist. He explained how stars shine and laid the foundation for development of both the atomic and hydrogen bombs. →Hans Beth, a brilliant and engaging theorist, explained how stars shine and laid the foundation for development of both the atomic and hydrogen bombs.【例5】西安是一座历史悠久文化灿烂的城市，每年吸引来自世界无数的游客。

Xian is a city famous for its long history and brilliant culture. It attracts numerous tourists from all over the world. →Xian, a city famous for its long history and brilliant culture, attracts numerous tourists from all over the world.◆同位语从句作同位语被同位语从句修饰的名词有以下特点：多为概括性名词；以单数出现；由于其对等的动词，而这些动词都跟that引导的宾语从句。

(fact, news, rumor, evidence, opinion, doubt等)【例1】他的确讲一口流利的汉语，但这不意味着他是中国人。

He speaks good Chinese. But this does not mean that he is Chinese.The fact that he speaks good Chinese doesn’t mean that he is Chinese.【例2】他担心学不好英语是没有根据的。

He fears that he can not learn English well. But his fear is groundless.His fear that he can not learn English well is groundless.【例3】他答应戒烟，但他失言了。

He promised that he would give up smoking. He broke his promise.She broke her promise that he would give up smoking.【例4】他梦想着那姑娘成为他的妻子，这个梦想最终变成了现实。

We advised that the girl would become his wife. The dream came true at last.His dream that the girl would become his wife came true at last.【例5】我们建议他买个大点的房子但他没有接受我们的建议。

We advised that he should buy a bigger house. But he did not accept our advice.He did not accept our advice that he should buy a bigger house.【例6】听到机场方面回答，由于浓雾航班还得继续延误，我们都很失望。

The airport replied that the flight would have to be further delayed because of the dense fog. We were all very disappointed at the reply.→We were all very disappointed at the reply from the airport that the flight would have to be further delayed because of the dense fog.【例7】他一直生活在希望之中：他的妻子有一天能回心转意，回到他和孩子们的身边。

He hoped that his wife would one day change her and come back to him and the children. He always lived in the hope. →He always lived in the hope that his would one day change her mind and come back to him and the children.【例8】牧师说地震是由于上帝发怒，这个解释这可笑。

The priest explained that the earthquake resulted from the anger of God. His explanation was really ridiculous. →The priest’s explanation that the earthquake resulted from the anger of God was really ridiculous.。