形容词和副词专项讲解1.形容词和副词的功能及位置（1）形容词的功能：主要是用来描写或修饰名词，说明名词的性质、特征、状态，在句中作定语、表语、补足语等成分。
（2）形容词的位置①作定语一般位于它所修饰的名词之前；②alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep等表语形容词作定语需后置；③修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody,nothing等不定代词需后置；④away, long, wide, high, deep, old等词附有数量词语说明时需后置；⑤形容词+介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置；⑥用and或or连接的两个意义相反的形容词作定语需后置；⑦作表语位于连系动词之后；⑧作宾语补足语位于宾语之后；⑨形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
eg: ①China has a long history.②Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今最伟大的人？③I have something important to tell you.④The road is about 50 meters wide.⑤He is a man full of energy.⑥A country, big or small, should be equal. 国家不论大小应该平等。
⑦The weather here is very pleasant. 这里的天气很宜人。
⑧I found the story very interesting.⑨Tired and hungry, he returned home.（3）副词的功能：作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等单词或短语，甚至整个句子，以说明动作性质或状态的特征。
副词也可用来作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
（4）副词的位置①修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面；②enough作为副词总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词后；③频度副词、程度副词可放在实意动词的前面，情态动词、be动词、助动词之后；④时间副词和地点副词一般位于句尾。
如两种副词同时出现，则地点副词放在时间副词之前，也可将时间副词放在句首；⑤方式副词修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾语后，修饰不及物动词在修饰的动词后或加介词+宾语后；⑥副词作宾语，一般放在被修饰的名词后；⑦副词作表语表示位置，位于系动词后；⑧副词作宾语补足语位于宾语后。
eg: ①Our school is very beautiful.②I don’t know him well enough.We haven’t enough food for you.③He always helps others. He is seldom late for class.④They stayed at home last night.⑤He does his work carefully.⑥They live on the floor below.⑦The light is still on. 电灯还在亮着。
⑧I’m pleased to see you back.2.形容词和副词级别的构成13.形容词和副词级别的用法（1）系动词+ as + adj.原级+ as与……一样；实意动词+ as + adv.原级+ as像……一样；not as或so...as 不如……那样eg: Lily is as careful as Lucy.Lily studies as carefully as Lucy.Lily doesn’t study as/so carefully as Lucy.（2）系动词+ adj.比较级+ than… , 比……实意动词+ adv比较级than…, 比……less...than 不及……；不如……eg: The problem is harder than that one.He speaks English more fluently than I (do).It is less cold today than it was yesterday.（3）the + adj. /adv. 最高级+of 在(……人或物中)最……the + adj. /adv. 最高级+in 在(……范围或场所中)最……eg: Tom is the tallest of us all. Tom jumps the highest in my class. （4）one of the + adj. /adv. 最高级+名词复数……是最……之一among thethe +最高级+ of (三者中)最……的the +序数词+最高级+名词单数第几最……the +比较级+ of (两者中)较……的all the +比较级格外，越发eg: Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.China is the third largest country in the world.His mother feels all the happier for his success.（5）Which/Who + 系动词+ adj.比较级？(两者中)哪一个较……？Which/Who + 实意动词+ adv.比较级？(两者中)哪一个较……？Which/Who + 系动词+ the + adj.最高级？(三者中)哪一个最……？Which/Who + 实意动词+ (the) + adv.最高级？(三者中)哪一个最……？eg: Which is better, this picture or that one？Who is the cleverest of the three boys?（6）no+ 比较级+ than 和……一样不not+ 比较级+ than 不像……那样eg: This book is no better than that one. 这本书和那本书一样不好。
This book is not better than that one. 这本书不及那本书好。
（7）more and more + 名词越来越多比较级+ and + 比较级(单音节) 越来越……more and more + adj.原级(多音节) 越来越……the +比较级，the +比较级越……就(越)……eg: More and more people are using the Internet.The more you read, the wise you are.（8）more than 多于，大于，超过no more than=only 只有，仅仅not more than =at most 最多，不超过less than 少于，小于，以下no less than= as much/many as 多达not less than=at least 至少eg: He finished the work in less than one hour. 不到一小时他就完成了工作。
They are no less than 1,000 people here. 这里多达一千人。
They are not less than 1,000 people here. 这里至少一千人。
2（9）as + adj.原级+ as基数词+ times 比较级+ than 是……的……倍the +名词+ ofeg: The room is three times as large as that one.（10）as+ adj. + a / an +名词单数+ asthe same +相应名词+ as 与……一样the same aseg: This is as wide a street as that one.= This street is the same width as that one.= The width of this street is the same as that of that one.（11）比较级+ than any other +名词单数(同一范围)比其他任何一……都…… =比较级+ than any +名词单数+ else比较级+ than any other +名词复数(不同范围)比其他任何……都…… =比较级+ than any +名词单数eg: China is larger than any other country in Asia.= China is larger than any country else in Asia.China is larger than any other countries in Africa.= China is larger than any other country in Africa.（12）the + adj.最高级+名词+定语从句+ ever=never…a + adj.比较级+名词最……the most + adj.原级+名词最……a most + adj.原级+名词非常，很eg: This is the best film that I have ever seen. =I have never seen a better film.This is the most moving novel. 这是部最动人的小说。
This is a most moving novel. 这是一部非常动人的小说。
（13）常用almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half等来加强原级结构的语气eg: She is just as smart as her sister.（14）常用much, far, even, still, a bit, a little, a lot, by far, a great deal, many times,severaltimes, slightly, all the, rather, any等来加强比较级结构的语气eg: The earth is much bigger than the moon.（15）常用by far, much, a great deal, nearly, almost, ever, on earth, in the world等来加强最高级结构的语气eg: He is the happiest man in the world.（16）最高级的多种表达形式：no +比较级+ than 没有……比……更……否定词+ so +原级+ as比较级+ than any other 比其他任何都……eg: He is the most active boy in class.= No boy is more active than he in class.= No boy is so active as he in class.= He is more active than any other boys in class.4. 常见形容词和副词的用法（1）名词+ ly/ y构成形容词eg：friendly lovely sunny lucky（2）形容词+ ly构成副词，其变化规则为：①一般在词尾+ ly eg：final——finally honest——honestly②以y结尾变y为ily eg：happy——happily easy——easily③以le结尾去e加y eg：possible——possibly gentle——gently④特殊情况eg：whole——wholly true——truly（3）有的副词不带ly多表具体概念，多位于不及物动词后；及物动词+宾语后；介词前eg：They dug deep for treasures.（4）有的副词带ly多表抽象概念，修饰形容词、副词、过去分词；修饰动词位置比较灵活eg：He thought highly of you.（5）有些副词带或不带ly表达意思明显不同，注意固定词组、谚语等习惯表达eg：be wide awake 神志清醒late 迟，晚hard 努力地safe and sound 安然无恙lately 最近地hardly 几乎不（6）多个形容词修饰名词的大体顺序：限定→描绘→大(小)→长(短)→高(低)→形状→年龄→新(旧)→老(少)→颜色→国籍→出处→材料→作用→类别等+名词下面的顺口溜有助于你记忆：限观形龄颜国材eg：a big round black new wooden French table 一张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子3。