专题19与圆有关的角 例1连结AE ,BD ,则AE ⊥BC ,BD ⊥AC ,CE =BE =1,AE =2.由AE·BC =AC·BD ,得BD =455,
CD =255,又CD CA =DF AE ,得DF =45,故S △CDE =12CE·DF =12×1×45
=25. 例2 B 提示:BM 2=MD·MA.
例3 ⑴略.⑵如图,连结ON ,AE ,BD ,并延长BD 交AE 于点F ,可证
明△BCD ≌△ACE ,BF ⊥AE ,∴ON ∥= 12BD ,OM ∥= 12
AE ,∴OM =ON ,OM ⊥ON ,故MN =2OM. ⑶结论成立,证明略.
例4 提示:由△ABE ∽△ACD ,△ADE ∽△ACB 分别得AB·DC =AC·BE ,
AD·BC =AC·DE ,两式作加法得A B ·DC +AD·BC =AC·BD.
例5 ⑴连结BM ,OA =2,OB =4,在Rt △BOM 中,(r -2)2+42=r 2,∴r =5,即AM = 5,OM =3,∴M(3,0). ⑵连结AC 交BM 于G ,则BM ⊥AC 且AG =CG ,可证△AMG ≌△BMO.∴AG =OB =4,AC =8,OM =MG =3,BG =BM -GM =2,AD =10,CD =6.∴S 四边形ABCD
=S △ACD +S △ABC =12A C ·CD +12AC·BG =12×8×6+12×8×2=32. ⑶∵BC =BE ,∴∠BCE =∠
BEC.又∠BCE =∠BCA +∠ACF ,∠BEC =∠BDC +∠DCF ,且∠BCA =∠BDC ,∴∠ACF =∠DCF =12∠ACD =45°,∴△ADF 为等腰直角三角形.AF =DF =5 2.作DT ⊥CF 于T ,CT =DT =32,TF =DF 2-DT 2=42,∴CF =CT +TF =7 2.
例6 ⑴连结BC ,∵AB =AC ,∴∠2=∠5,∵AB =AE ,∴∠ABE =∠AEB ,
即∠2+∠3=∠4+∠5,∴∠3=∠4,∴∠DAC =∠DBC =∠4+∠3=2
∠4,即∠DAC =2∠DBE.⑵延长DA 至点G ,使AG =AE =AC ,则∠DAC
=2∠G ,而由⑴知∠DAC =2∠DBE.∴∠DBE =∠G.又∠BDE =∠GDC ,∴
△BDE ∽△GDC ,得BD DG =DE DC ,即DG·DE =BD·DC.∴(AD +AG)(AD -AE)=
BD·DC.∵AB =AE =AG ,∴(AD +AB)(AD -AB)=BD·DC ,故AD 2-AB 2=
BD·DC.
A 级1.30°≤x ≤90° 2.4 3.8 4.-14x 2+x 5.C 6.
B 7.B 提示:其中①
③正确.
9.提示:(1)连结BM ,证明Rt △CEN ≌Rt △BMN .(2)连结BD 、BE 、AC ,证明△BED ∽△FEB .(3)结论仍成立. 10.连结AM ,过M 作MD ⊥AC ,交直线AC 于点D ,则Rt △AMH ≌Rt △AMD ,Rt △MHB ≌Rt △MDC . 11.(1)连结OA ,OC ,则Rt △OFC ≌RtOGC ≌Rt △OGA .∴123OFC OAC ABC OFCG S S S S ∆∆∆===四边形. (2)连结OA ,OB ,OC ,由△AOC ≌△COB ≌△BOA ,得∠OCB =∠OAC ,∵∠AOC =∠AOE +∠EOC =120°,∠DOE =∠COF +∠COE =120°,∴∠AOE =∠COF ,∵∠OAC =∠OCB ,OA =OC ,∠AOE =∠COF ,∴△OAG ≌△OCF ,故13
AOC ABC OFCG S S S ∆∆==四边形. 12.如图,过点O 作直线
OP ⊥BC ,分别交BC ,KL ,AD 于点P ,H ,N ,则ON ⊥AD ,OH ⊥KL ,连结DO ,
LO ,在Rt △NDO 中,ON 4,OP =PN -ON =2,设HL =x ,则PH =KL =2x ,OH =OP +PH =2+2x .
在Rt △HOL 中,x 2+ (2x +2)2=52,解8、B
9、提示:22()AD BD DE DE EB DE DE BE DE ==+=+,又EB DE AE EC =
10、由AB AE AC AB
=,∠BAE =∠CAB ,得ABE ∆~ACB ∆,故∠ABE =∠ACB =∠ADB ,
AB AD ∴=,连接AO ,交BD 于F ,则4BF DF ==。
又3OF =,
2AF OA OF =-=,从而182
ABD S BD AF ∆== 11、提示:连接AO 交延长交⊙O 于点E ,连接BE ,由~ADC ABE ∆∆,得
AD AC AB AE =, 故212(39)6
y x x x =-+≤≤。
当6AB =时,⊙O 的最大面积为36π 12、(1)∠CAD =∠CBD (同弧所对圆周角相等),∠AEC =∠BED ,~ACE BDE ∴∆∆
(2)∠DBC =12
∠DOC =45︒︒,∠90EDB =︒,BDE ∴∆是等腰Rt ∆,BD DE ∴=
(3)144)2
y x =-<<
B 级
1、ab d
21 提示:连接AB ,∠60BAO =︒ 3、1 4、()2a b + 5、D 6、A 提示:以A 为圆心、AB 为半径画圆
7、C 提示:GFA ∆、FDC ∆EDA ∆都与GDE ∆相似
8、C 提示:连接AD ,DE ,可证明~ECD ABC ∆∆
9、(1)延长BA ,CD 相交于P ,则PC BC =,6AB AP ==,7PE CE ==, 14PC BC ==。
由~PAD PCB ∆∆,得AD AP BC PC
=,6AD ∴= (2)CA ,BE 是PCB ∆的中线,设CA ,BE 的交点G ,
则G 为重心,13AG AC ∴=,
23BG BE =,而AC =AG ∴=,223BG =,3112
BE BG ∴==
10、(1)A (0,B (1,0)
(2)四边形ACOM 为菱形
(3)AC OC =,∠60APO =︒,PC 平分∠APO ,
可以证明2cos30PA PO PC +=︒,
故2PA PO PC +==为定值。
11、(1)如图连接PE ,EF ,PF ,∠90EAF =︒,EF ∴为⊙O 的直径,
则∠90FPE =︒
又∠90APD =︒,∴∠EPD =∠APF ,显然,PD PA =,∠PAF =∠45PDE =︒, 因此,PDE ∆≌PAF ∆,故DE AF =
(2)DE AF =,21AE AF AD ∴+==+,又2223AE AF EF +==,即2AE +
223AF EF ==,即2()23AE AF AE AF +-=,故2AE AF =
,于是AE ,AF 是方程2(21)20x x -++=的两个根,解得2AE =,1AF =或1AE =,
2AF =,所以2
22AE
ED =或。