Unit 2 Speed Skating速度滑冰Ⅰ.Conversation对话Change Skates during CompetitionA: Hello, judge! There is something wrong with my ice skate blade, and I need to have a check. B: OK. Please be quick.A: Sorry, there is really something wrong with my ice skate blade, so I am afraid I have to change my skates.B: Sure, but I have to check your new skates.A: Are they within the rules?B: No problem and you can wear this pair of skates for competition.A: Thanks a lot.B: You are welcome. Please get ready for the competition.New Words & Expressions 单词与词组ice skate blade 冰刀skate /skeɪt/ n. 冰鞋check /tʃek/ vt. 检查，核对；制止，抑制；在…上打勾vi. 核实，查核；中止；打勾；[象棋]将一军n. <美>支票；制止，抑制；检验，核对change /tʃeɪndʒ/ vt. 改变；交换n. 变化；找回的零钱vi. 改变；兑换Communicative Tasks 交互性任务Task 1: After competition, athletes complain to the coach about the ice arena.Task 2: The athlete who wasn't at his/her best during the competition threw the skates on the ground heavily.Prompts 小提示1. Do enough warming-up exercises before sports. Warming-up exercises will increase your body temperature, decrease your muscle viscosity, relax your muscles and make your muscles meet required conditions. Don’t do intense sports without any warming-up exercises. 运动前做足准备活动。
准备活动可以升高体温，降低肌肉的粘滞度，放松肌肉，使肌肉达到运动所需的状态。
不可不做准备活动直接参与大运动量活动。
2. Be sure to keep warm to prevent frostbite. If it’s cold outside, you should put on more clothes. You can take off heavy clothes until your body is warmed up after warming-up exercises. 应注意保暖防冻，室外气温低，宜多穿衣，待做好预备活动，身体暖和，再脱去厚重的衣裤进行锻炼。
3. Choose safe arena for skating and professional ice arenas will be the best choice. If you skate on the natural ice of lakes, rivers or ponds, you have to choose hard frozen ice nearby banks. 要选择安全的场地，尽量在专业场地进行运动。
在自然结冰的湖泊、江河、水塘滑冰，应选择冰冻结实，没有冰窟窿和裂纹、裂缝的冰面，要尽量在距离岸边较近的地方。
4. Skate beginners have to learn it step by step patiently. Particular attention should be paid to keep your body in balance in case of falling backward and injure your lumbar vertebra or brain. 初学滑冰者，不可性急莽撞，学习应循序渐进，特别要注意保持身体重心平衡，避免向后摔倒而摔坏腰椎和后脑。
5. Obey the rules when many people are skating and don’t start off at the same time. Focus on the sport to avoid knocking each other. 在滑冰的人多时，要遵守规则，间歇出发，要注意力集中，避免相撞。
Ⅱ. Passage Reading 阅读Speed SkatingSpeed skating is a competitive form of ice skating. Basic techniques include straight skating, corner skating, starting technique and arm swing technique. Types of speed skating are the same for both men and women: short distance (500m), middle distance (1000m), long distance (1500m) and all-round.International speed skating competitions started at the end of the 19th century. In 1889, the first international speed skating competition was held in Amsterdam, Holland. In 1893, the first M en’s Speed Skating World Championship was held and in 1936 the first Women’s Speed Skating World C hampionship was held. Men’s speed skati ng competition event has been part of the Olympics since the first Winter Olympic Games in 1924. In 1960, women’s events were added to the Olympic Winter Games. The development of the international speed skating sport is promoting the performance of speed skating.Words and Expressions 单词与词组speed of skating 滑行速度straight skating 直道滑行corner skating 弯道滑行starting technique 起跑技术arm swing techniques 摆臂技术short distance 短距离middle distance中距离long distance长距离all-round全能ⅢRules裁判规则简介Speed skating track: The maximum circumference of speed skating track is 400 m and the minimum is 333.33 m. I nside corners’ radiu s should be no less than 25 m and no more than 26 m. Tracks are between 5 m and 4 m in width. As for short track speed skating, the circumference of track is 111.12 m with inner radius 8.25m, and has 128.07 m long straights .Suits and equipment: The speed skater wears nylon tight suit (coat, cap, socks and gloves) and cotton or wool underclothes shall be worn to keep warm. Male athletes have to wear briefs and guard. The long blade with narrow edge shall be made of light alloy materials which are smooth, abrasion resistant and with proper hardness. Skates are made of high-quality thick leather. The blade edge should be of uniform thickness. The two edges should be of the same height,straight, and with no roughness on the surface.Rules: All athletes shall skate counterclockwise. When the skater who glides out of inside ring reaches the exchange stretch, he or she has to change to outside lanes, while the outside ring skater has to change to inside lanes. When competing in crossing area, the inside ring skater has to give way initiatively. At the start line, all athletes must stand still between the start line and the preparation line on hearing “on Your M arks” and then start to skate after the “Ready” command. Athletes get ready after the "set "command, but they can't start skating until the starting gun goes off.When skating at curves, the blade can’t be cut into the snow line. During the competition, athletes can surpass rivals at any time, but there are several actions that will result in skaters being disqualified such as: pushing other skaters purposely, beating the gun or skating outside of the designated track. In the relay race, there are four skaters each team. Several actions that will result in skaters being disqualified, such as: pushing other skaters, beating the gun, skating outside of the designated track, surpassing illegally, being beyond take-over zone. It will be called a finish when the skate blade of the athletes touches the finish line.If an athlete can't keep skating normally or falls down because of reasons out of him/herself, he can rest for 30 minutes and then compete again under the chief judge’s permission. But as for reasons such as the dirty rink or damaged blade, the athlete will not be allowed to have the competition again.Ⅳ. Organizations 赛事组织及机构简介International Skating UnionThe International Skating Union, ISU for short, was founded in the Netherlands in 1892. It has 81 member associations now and headquartered in Davos, Switzerland. The official working languages are English, German, French and Russian. China joined the ISU in 1956.In addition to the Winter Olympic skating competitions, the ISU also organizes competitions of speed skating, short track skating and figure skating for European Championships, World Championships and World Youth Championships. The competitions include: the World Women’s Speed skating Championships, the World Men's Speed skating Championships, the World Women’s Short Track Speed Skating Championships, the World Junior Speed Skating Championships, European Men’s and Women’s Speed Skating championships, the World Figure Skating Championships, the World Junior Figure Skating Championships, European Figure Skating Championships, Four Continents Figure Skating Championships and the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating.Words and Expressions 单词与词组International Skating Union滑冰联盟found /faund/ v. 成立member association 会员协会headquarters /hed'kwɔ:təz/ n. 总部Ⅴ. Exercises课后练习1. Talk about the differences of equipment between short track speed skating and speed skating.2. Talk about the differences of techniques between short track speed skating and speed skating.Ⅵ. Study for fun 兴趣学习Speed Skater—Ye QiaoboYe Qiaobo, female, born in Jilin Province in 1964, is a famous former Chinese speed skater. She has ever won the world champion and three Olympic medals. From 1979 to 1994, she had participated in the domestic and international speed skating competitions for 34 times and won 52 gold medals, 36 silver medals and 12 bronze medals. At the 16th Olympic Winter Games in1992, she won the silver medal both in 500 m and in 1000 m. She has broken the "zero record" in Chinese Winter Olympics gold medal history. At the same time, she has been listed among the top ten National Snow and Ice Athletes, the top ten National Sports Athletes, the Pace-setter in the New Long March and the Advanced Individuals for Outstanding Achievements.Note: It was Zhang Hong who won China's first-ever speed skating Olympic gold medal for China in 2014 Sochi Olympic Winter Games.参考译文Unit 2 Speed Skating速度滑冰Ⅰ. Conversation对话比赛更换冰鞋A：裁判，您好！我的冰刀有些问题，我想检查一下。