Postalveolar
后齿龈音 [ʃ] [ʒ] [dʒ] [tʃ]
Retroflex
卷舌音 [r]
Palatal
腭音 [j]
Velar
软腭音 [k] [g] [ŋ]
Uvular
小舌音 [r]
Pharyngeal
咽音
Glottal
声门音
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“Phonology” is the study of sound systems—the invention of distinctive speech sounds that occur in a language and the patterns.
1 、 Descriptive & Prescriptive （ 描 写 与 规 定 ） 2 、
Synchronic L & Diachronic L (共时L与历时L) 3、
Langue & Parole（语言与言语） 4、Competence &
Performance（语言能力与语言应用）
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Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
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2. Speech Sounds
1. What is phonetics?
2. What are the three main branches of phonetics?
3. Classification of English Consonants.
4. Classification of Vowels.
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2. Acoustic Phonetics ：is the study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.
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3. Auditory Phonetics ：is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.
5. What is phonology?
6. What’s the difference between phonetics and phonology?
7. What is a phone? What is a phoneme? What
is an allophone?
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What is phonetics?
Language is a system.
Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic(内在的) connection between a linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for.
音位学研究的是一种语言的整个语 音系统及其分布或布局状况，包括 某一特定语言里的语音或音位分布 和结合的规则或规律。
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Phonetics
பைடு நூலகம்
1．Articulatory Phonetics 发音语音学
2．Acoustic Phonetics 声学语音学
3．Auditory Phonetics 听觉语音学
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1. Articulatory Phonetics : the study of the production of speech sounds.
语言学复习
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1. Invitations to Linguistics
1. What is language?
2. What are the design features of language?
3. What is arbitrariness?
4. What is duality?
5. What is creativity?
边通音 [l]
Trill
颤音 [r]
Tap and Flap 触音
Affricate 塞擦音 [t∫] [dЗ]
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Bilabial
双唇音 [p] [b] [m]
Labiodental
唇齿音 [f] [v]
Dental
齿音 [θ] [ð]
Alveolar 齿龈音 [t] [d] [n] [r] [s] [z] [l]
6. What is displacement?
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7. The origin of language. 8. What functions does language have? 9. What is Linguistics? 10. What are the main branches of linguistics? 11. Important distinctions in Liguistics.
“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”
——Romeo and Julier
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“Design features” here refer to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication. They are arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, cultural transmission.
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Stop （Plosive） 塞音（爆破音）
[b] [p] [t] [d] [k] [g]
Nasal 鼻音 [m] [n] [ŋ]
Fricative 擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [s] [z] [∫] [З]
Approximant 中通音 [ j ] [r] [w]
Lateral
The science studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially those sounds used in speech, and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.