（12）ridicule（嘲笑）
Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情 Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.

Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan … until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century
（11）sarcasm
-- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖 刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语
a concept of how things get written that
throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that
（3）metonymy 借代，转喻
用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物 与另一事物是有关联的。 The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq. He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。 He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪 杯了。


… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. ...men's final release from earthly struggle
（10）irony
The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用 法 Thanks to his brilliant leadership, our company is now bankrupt. You are really good. You ruined everything.
（2）metaphor 暗喻
暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. ( William Shakespeare ) 整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而 已。 Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。
The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep
Your Old Webster's" ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe
（5）synecdoche 提喻
把物比喻成人。在修辞学上，拟人法是指把非人 的东西(如动物、植物、物体、抽象概念等)当作 人来描写，并赋予它们以人的特性、外表及活动 方式等。
（7）hyperbole 夸张
这是一种故意夸大其词或言过其实(overstatement） 的修辞手法，其特点是对表达对象进行有违常 识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以此来取得强烈 的修辞效果。 用数字，形容词副词最高级，全世界，虚拟语气


The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room so thick with dust of centuries. If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.
The young moon lies on her back… Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a
sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay… ...to literature's enduring gratitude... The grave world smiles as usual... Bitterness fed on the man...
（6）transferred epithet 移就
Darrow had whispered throwing a
reassuring arm round my shoulder The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle. I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)



―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―Can I have these old quilts?‖ Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. The oratorial storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.
It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,… Mark Twain --- Mirror of America main artery of transportation in the young
nation's heart The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. Her voice was a whiplash. 鞭子的皮条 We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.
修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格
(1) simile ['sɪməlɪ] 明喻
它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点， 借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说 明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 Examples: I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一 模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他 的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法