增加解释性词语
• Here enthusiasts can enjoy the fantastic experience brought about by our new Porsches.
• 在这里，车迷们将会体验全系新款保时捷跑车 所带来的震撼感受。
• Have you got an iPhone yet?
• A teacher should be responsible.
Addition
• Structural Addition • Semantic Addition • Rhetorical Addition
Structural Addition
Supplying words omitted or substituted in the original
• We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. • 我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也
• 原文有其意，但无其词，译文宜增补；增词不 增意，正如减词不减意；译文增补应无损于愿 意，有益于通顺，有助于传神。
• “善删者字去而意留，善敷者辞殊而义显。” （刘勰：《文心雕龙 熔裁篇》
• 同时，在运用省略技能时，也适用上述原则。
• 1. 省略英语特有的词，如it，there, a(n),the, pronouns, connectives, prepositions(see Page 158),甚至是动词或分 词，如：
增加概括性的词
• This report summed up the new achievements made by Siemens in home appliances, medical equipment and communication facilities.
• 这篇报告总结了西门子在家用电器、医疗器 械及通讯设施这三方面的新成就。
Rhetorical Addition
• The host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked and laughed.
• 主人割、倒、端、切面包、说和笑。 • 主人割肉呀、斟酒呀， 端菜呀，切面包呀，
又说又笑，忙的不亦乐乎。
• They drifted across America and gathered in the big cities when winter came, hungry, defeated, empty, hopeless, restless, driven by they knew not what, always on the move, looking everywhere for work, for the bare crumbs to support their miserable lives, and finding neither work nor crumbs.
• You cannot build a ship, a house, or a machine tool if you do not know how to make or read a design.
• 如果不懂得制图或不懂图纸，就不能造船、盖房 子或制造机床。
• He was a quiet and thoughtful man. • 他举止文雅，待人体贴。
• 他们漂泊啊，漂泊，走遍了美国，冬天到了， 才在各大城市聚集起来，忍饥挨饿，到处碰壁， 一无所有，前途渺茫，焦躁不安，心烦意乱， 辗转奔波，到处找活干，到处找仅能糊口的面 包，以维持他们悲惨的生活，可是一样也没找 到。
• 总之，增补的原则是基于目标语在结构与语义 上的双重需要。因此，必须充分了解目标语的 表达习惯。如在表达汉语时，要充分考虑汉语 的一些主要特点，如动词化、主动化、意合、 状语前置、流水句、概括性、成语及四字格的 大量使用、无冠词无复数。
and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique. • 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演 之后，他还得起草最后的公报。 • This was a record increase. • We advise an immediate decision. • Decision—make decision.
• Principles:
• Semantic and struget language in expression!
Semantic Addition
• 补充辅助性名词、动词以及概括性的词 • 增加辅助性动词： • In the evening, afer the banquets, the concerts
决不后退。 • They have our interest at heart as we have
theirs. • 他们关心我们的利益，我们也关心他们的利益。
• Supplying words necessary in structure or collocation of the target text:
• The principal functions that may be performed by vacuum tubes are rectification, amplification, oscillation, modulation, and detection.
• 真空管的五大职能是：整流、放大、振荡、 调制和检波。
• You’re not Robinson Crusoe. You’re not alone, so don’t be so damned selfish.
• 你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁宾逊，不要 事事只为自己打算。
• President Hu was wined and dined by Obama.