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命题的基本原则与思路


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3. 答案设定
答案设定就是为考点提供一个正确答案。答案设 定的标准是:正确答案必须保证唯一性。
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It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no
B. such
C. nearly D. hardly
4. 干 扰 项
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基于答案的干扰项:根据正确答案编写干扰项。
基于原文的干扰项:干扰项源自原文。
基于考生的干扰项:估计考生的可能答案,编写干扰项。
•尽可能不对原文作修改;如果必须作必要的修改,应 该保持原文的风格和语言表达习惯。
• 语言的真实性 • 难度的合适度 • 题材的熟悉度 • 体裁的多样性
•超纲词必须控制在考试大纲所 能接受的范围内,比如:英语阅 读允许3% - 5%的超纲词,而 听力材料通常不允许包含超纲词;
•语言表达法(尤其是一些惯用 法)和句子结构都不能超出考生 所学的范围,除非它们被设定为 考点,而且能够从提供的语言材 料中的得以推导;
英语命题:理论与实践
曾用强 广东外语外贸大学
试题设计与命题的基本思路
题干(输入):文本(词、句、篇)、图画、音频、视频等
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语言单位:词、
句、
篇语
考点(过程):语言知识:形式、 结构、 意义、 用法 言
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语言技能:单一(听、说、读、写)、综合 能
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认知策略:识别、理解、推理、概括、产出 力
答案(输出):
•语言材料的篇幅(或长度)和 语言复杂度必须在考试大纲允许 的范围内。
命题材料的题材和体裁必须(1)为考生所熟悉、
(2)尽可能多样、而且(3)分布要合理4• 语言层面2.


• 语言知识


• 认知策略
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每道试题的考点设置就是确定:应该 从哪个语言层面测什么的语言知识以 及知识处理的策略。考点设置的标准 包括以下三个方面: • 考点设置必须符合考试的目的; • 考点必须明确; • 考点分布要合理。
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While she was getting me 1 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 2 small town some 20 kilometres away 3 there was a garage.
A. babies
B. fairies
C. believers
D. supermen
Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films.
口头 笔头
选择性(单项填空等) 构建式(书面表达等)
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命题的四个基本问题
● 选材是否合适? ● 这道试题能激活考生怎样的考试过程?这样的过程是否符
合命题者设题的思想? ● 正确答案是唯一的吗? ● 每个干扰项是否保证起干扰作用?
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1. 选材
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•语言表达必须在实际语言使用环境中是可接受的; •尽可能使用本族人的语言材料;
2) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village. Happily, I met an old woman who happened to know a repairman living in a small town nearby.
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认知策略是指试题要求考生应用哪些认知过程,处理特定的语言知识, 才能完成答题。认知策略包括了识别、理解、分析、概括、推理、重 构和产出。相同的语言材料和相同的语言知识,可以要求不同的认知 策略,结果生成不同的考点。
W: Why did you leave that job?
1)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village. Happily, I met an old woman who accepted me as a guest in her little house.
M: It was so hot standing in the kitchen all day. I couldn’t bear it. 在上面的对话中,对同一信息点kitchen,可以设问多个不同的理解问
题: 问1. Why did the man leave the job? (识别) 问2. How did the man like the job?(理解) 问3. What was the man?(推理)
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A. flyed, B. flied, C. flew, D. flewn
All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to your PC.
A. access
B. connect
C. recognize
D. remember
Not all of these are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films.
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