被动语态一、语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。

”，再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？He opened the door.他开了门。

（____________）The door was opened.门被开了。

（____________）二、被动语态的构成: be动词+被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。

行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。

1. English is ___________（speak）in Canada.2. The blouse is ___________（make）of silk.3. English is ___________（speak）by many people.谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。

动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。

1. Some stamps were ___________（steal）last week.2. The PRC was ___________（found）on October 1, 1949.3. Football is ___________（play）in most middle schools.被动语态须留意，前面助动be. be +am（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+was和were表过去。

was（were）+完成have（has）been。

have（has）been+将来，情态，be原形。

will（can,may,must）be+进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。

am（is,are）+being+被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。

三．几种常用时态的被动语态——1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词肯定句：Bikes are ___________（sell）in that shop.否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词肯定句：He was ___________（save）in 1999.否定句：He was not saved in 1999.疑问句：Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he wasn't.3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词肯定句：An English class will be ___________（give）by Jack tomorrow.否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow?4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词肯定句：A car is being ___________（drive）now.否定句：A car is not being driven now.疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词肯定句：A road has been ___________（build）by the government.否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.6.情态动词：情态动词+be +1）This clock can be ___________（repair）here.2）The trees may be ___________（plant）at other times of the year. 3）The composition must be ___________（hand）in after class.4）The young trees should be ___________（plant）in spring.四、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were ___________（steal）last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was ___________（publish）in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was ___________（write）by him. 这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

五、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如： the people ___________（laugh）at him.→ He was ___________（laugh）at by all people.___________（make）the bikes in the factory.→ The bikes are ___________（make）by them in the factory.六、补充一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。

如：He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside（by him）.I saw him play football. → He was seen to play football（by him）.专项练习一、选择题( ) a new library _____ in our school last year?A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened( )（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow( ) talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives( ) many trees ____ this year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been plantedD. planted( ) lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world.A. knowsB. knewC.is known D. was known( )8. The children ____ by the nurse.A. were lookedB. looked afterC. were looked afterD. looked( )9. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them.A. gave, didn't listenB. was given, wasn't listenedC. give, wasn't listenedD. was given, didn't listen( ) 10. The question ____ by us soon.A. is going to discussB. will discussC. is going to be discussedD. has been discussed( )11. The lab ____ about five years ago.A. was builtB. was builtC. buildsD. has been built( )12. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set upB. have been set upC. were set upD. set up ( )13. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finishedB. have finishedC. had been finishedD. have been finished( )14. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.A. is…grownB. is…grewC. was…grewD. was…grown( )15. He ____ by the teachers.A. is always praisedB. praisesC. have been praisedD. always is praised( )16. The picture______ in October, 1996.A. was takingB. had been takenC. was takenD. had taken ( )17. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .A. has been repairedB. is repairingC. is repairedD. is being repaired( )18. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shownB. showedC. have shownD. was showing ( )19. The war______ in 1941.A. broke outB. had been broken outC. was broken outD. had broken out( )20. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heatedB. heatingC. has heatedD. heats( )21. We can't enter the room because its door______ .A. lockedB. locksC. is lockedD. is locking( )22. They ______day and night.A. are made workB. are made to workC.made to be workedD. are making to work( )23. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries.A. was sent upB. is sent upC. have been sent upD. has been sent up( )24. This English song _____ often _____ by the children., singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung( ) windows of our house _____once a week.A. must cleanB. have cleanedC. is cleanedD. are cleaned ( )26. When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ?A. was, foundB. was, foundedC. did, foundD. does, found ( )27. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.A. will be mendedB. has mendedC. was mendedD. mended ( )28. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year.A. be plantedB. plantC. are plantedD. will be planted( )29. A new English play _____ there next week.A. will put onB. will be put onC. is going to put onD. will be putted on( )30. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.A. was happenedB. has been happenedC. happenedD. was going to happen( )31. The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is brokenB. is broken, was brokenC. was broken, brokeD. has been broken, broken二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。