高中英语作文常见错误及对应策略研究摘要:高中英语新课程标准对学生的写作技能和评分标准都提出了明确的要求。
本文首先通过举例高中学生英语写作中常见的几大类型错误,随后提出高中英语写作教学中提高学生写作能力的一些策略。
教师应注重写作基本功的训练,结合阅读和大量练习以及批改和讲评,从而使学生的写作水平有较大的提高。
关键字:高中英语作文常见错误应对策略一、引言在英语的听说读写四种基本功中,写作能力无疑是考量学生英语综合能力的体现。
无论是《新课标》[1]还是《考纲》都对高中生的英语写作能力提出一定的要求。
然而英文写作不仅涉及对文章有整体的布局,还需要进行遣词造句以及思维方式的转变,属于高中生比较难以掌握的一项。
在笔者的实际教学过程中,意识到高中生的写作水平整体不算高,学生的作文中出现较多的错误,甚至一些学生连一个句子都写不出。
这是由于诸多原因导致,我们迫切需要发现这些常见的错误所在,并很好的解决它[2]。
二、高中生英语作文常见错误高中生作文形式比较固定,其错误大致可分为三类。
第一类是本体错误,第二类是语法错误,第三类是词汇错误[3]。
(一)本体错误高中生作文的本体错误主要包括字母的大小写错误、单词拼写错误和文章标点符号的错误。
(1)字母大小写的错误一般来说,作文中一句话的首字母和直接引语的首字母需要大写。
专有名词如人名、国家名、地名、书籍名、影片名等都需要首字母大写。
但是,在高中生作文中屡屡发现这种比较小的错误。
例如:a. welcome to shanghai.(shanghai)b. he can speak japanese. (japanese)(2)单词拼写错误由于高中生存在单词拼写记忆不准确现象,在作文中也时常会有一些单词拼写错误。
比如:meat (meet), grass (guess), bye (buy), restraurant (restaurant),coler (color), coner (corner), waom (warm),totle (total), well (wear), flesh (fresh)等常错单词。
(3)文章标点符号错误在高中英语作文中,也存在着乱打标点符号的现象。
如:a. it is rainy. so we can not play tennis right now. (,)b. if there is anything wrong. please call me, i think you have got my number. (,)(二)词汇错误在高中生英语作文中,学生运用词汇的能力不是非常娴熟,主要出现以下几种词汇错误。
有冠词运用错误、介词错误、意义关系错误、词性错误以及搭配错误。
(1)意义关系错误由于语境的不同,以及文化的差异,有些词汇运用在语法上看似正确,但是从语义上则是错误的。
如:a. he could give you some notice. (advice)b. you should wear warm up clothing. (warm clothes)c. be safe!(take care!)d. if you have any urgent work, you could call me. (things)e. the first junction. (crossing)(2)介词运用错误在英语表达中,介词一般是用来表现一个字的文法功能的词汇。
在和动词搭配时,不同的介词构成不同的含义。
在高中英语作文中,学生也经常漏用、乱用。
如:a. he is waiting () you at the school gate right now,please hurry up!(漏用)改正后:he is waiting for you at the school gate right now,please hurry up!b. i will wait for you in near my house. (多用)改正后:i will wait for you near my house.c. please call on me.改正后: please call me.d. i heard that the new shopping mall is nearly your home.(错用)改正后: i heard that the new shopping mall is near your home.(3)词性运用错误在高中英语作文中,学生缺乏词性意识,不时的出现词性错误。
把名词当形容词用,形容词与副词混用、动词当不做适当的变化就直接当名词用等等之类的现场。
如:a. if you have any difficulties things, you could call me. (名词当形容词用)改正后: if you have any difficulty things, you could call me.b. please attention the detail. (名词当动词用)改正后: please pay attention the detail.c. please pay attention to traffic safe. (形容词当名词用)改正后: please pay attention to traffic safety.d. i think he absolute does not know anything of beijing. (形容词当做副词)改正后:i think he absolutely dose not know anything of beijing.e. walk along the street, you will find the shopping mall easy. (形容词当做副词)改正后:walk along the street, you will find the shoppingmall easily.(4)固定搭配错误在英语表达中,存在许多词语之间的惯用的固定搭配,包括介词短语、形容词短语、动词短语等。
在高中生英语作文里面这些搭配出现错误也屡见不鲜。
如:a. not only you have to take care of your parents,but only must you notice yourself.改正后:not only you have to take care of your parents,but also pay attention to yourself.b. we will look action movie with you after dinner.改正后:we will see an action movie with you after dinner.c. give attention to /pay attention in改正后:pay attention tod. go some shopping改正后:do some shoppinge. i’ll do shopping with you.改正后:i’ll go shopping with you.(5)冠词错误英语的冠词是用于名词之前,它并不能单独使用,帮助说明名词的定义。
冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词。
由于中文并不存在此类词汇,学生在冠词上犯的错误主要是添加、遗漏和错用等。
如:a. the shopping mall is in () third block on your left.(遗漏the)改正后:the shopping mall is in the third block on your left.b. welcome to the beijing. (添加the)改正后:welcome to beijing.c. i will wait you at a supermarket near the your house. (添加the)改正后:i will wait you at a supermarket near your house.d. it is cold, you’d better take a overcoat. (误用an)改正后:it is cold, you’d better take an overcoat. (三)语法错误语法是一门语言的基本法则,是语言的组织规律。
然而高中生的英语语法基础不牢固,在英语写作中就能直接表现出来。
语法错误主要分为动词错误、时态错误、从句错误、主谓不一致、名词单复数错误、中式英语、句子成分不完整等。
(1)名词单复数错误例如:a. a lot of apple (apples)(名词的复数问题)b. some problem (problems)c. have troubles (trouble)(不可数名词用做可数名词)(2)谓语动词错误be动词错误,例如:a. he told me that he will () fine. (be)b. a shopping mall () near where you live. (is)c. do you know where the supermarket ()?(is)d. i’ll wait in the shopping mall that () near your house. (is)e. english may be is very difficult. (去掉is)f. and you will be call me up. (去掉be)“to”词的缺词,如:a. we decided () meet tomorrow. (加上to)b. we want () buy some fruits tonight. (加上to)c. can you go to the market () buy some vegetables. (加上to)情态动词的错误使用,如:a. you () pay attention to these things. (加上should)b. but there are many cars on the street, you will pay more attention. (should)非谓语动词的错误使用,如:a. four days already, you may familiar with the new surroundings.改正后:being here for four days, you may not be familiar with the new surroundings.b. do not worry about lost, downstairs, left the first crossing, you will find it.改正后:do not worry about being lost, go downstairs, turn left at the first crossing, you will find it.c. you must remember wear a warm coat. (wearing)d. you would better to wear some warm clothes.(wear)(3)中式英语句子错误由于学生处在一个中文的语言环境,不免会以汉语的思维按照逐字逐句的翻译句子的表面意思,这就导致在高中英语作文中出现很多不地道、不正确的中式英语。