一、根据缩写写出单词全称（5分）1.BOD：Biological Oxygen Demand2.TOC：Total Organic Carbon3.VSS：V olatile Suspended Solid4.CBA：Cost Benefit Analysis5.NPS：New Production Skill6.VOC：Volatile Organic Compounds7.APC：Air Pollution Control8.SS：Suspended Solids9.COD：Chemical Oxygen Demand10.EIA：Environmental Impact Assessment11.TSP：total suspended particulates12.EPA：Environmental Protection Agency13.IAQ：indoor air quality14.ETS：environmental tobacco smoke二、专业术语中英互译（出自课后习题）（共10分）life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原 predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals 再生—regeneration化肥—chemical fertilizer 有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe 衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking 稀释—dilution添加剂—additive 合成塑料—synthetic plastic Precision and accuracy 精密度和准确度 bulk collection 散装收集matrix material 基质 analytical sequence 分析序列multivariate statistics 多元统计 interactive effect 互动效应overall analytical scheme 整体分析方案 insofar在…的范围；在…情况下灵敏度 sensitivity；采样sampling真实时间：actual time 样品预处理 sample pretreatment稳定性 stability 曲线拟和 Curve fit吸附 adsorption 累积 accumulate分析评价 analysis evaluation 物理分离physical Separation因次图 Dimensional diagram 标准方差Standard varianceprimary pollutant 一次大气污染物 secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物air stagnation 空气流动停滞，大气停滞 nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO) nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2)sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫（SO2） hydrogen fluoride(HF) hydrogen sulfide（H2S）ammonia(NH3) sulfur acid (H2SO4) nitric acid(HNO3)soot 煤烟 dust 灰尘 smog 烟雾 ozone 臭氧 herbicide 除草剂 pesticide 杀虫剂 / 农药正常浓度 normal concentration 汽车尾气 automobile exhaust决定因素 determining factor 光化学氧化物 photochemical oxidant液体微滴 liquid droplet 放射性物质 radioactive substance含硫的 sulfur-containing 风化 wind erosion / weathering严重污染的 serious polluted / heavily polluted不完全氧化 incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion尾气 off-gas 可应用性 applicability 工业规模 full-scale土壤床 soil bed 生物过滤器 biofilter 固定资本 fixed capital易生物降解的 easily biodegradedVOC 挥发性有机化合物 APC 大气污染控制Regulatory program 调整项目 Financial support 财政支持Operating cost 操作成本 Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质 Biological 生物学的Technologies 技术、工艺 Inorganic air pollutants无机大气污染物treatment facilities 处理设备 per capita per day 每人每天municipality 市政当局, 自治市 population equivalent 人口当量basement flooding 地下室浸水 runoff 排水domestic sewage 生活污水 type of terrain 地形种类land disposal 掩埋处置 fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群assimilation capacity同化能力 practical outlets可行的排出途径，现实出路endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期 aquatic life 水生生物stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的三、填空题（出自课文段落）（翻译不是十分准确，只是帮助大家理解）Normally, four types of measurements are made: qualitative analysis to identify the species; quantitative analysis to determine how much of the species is present; speciation or characterization to establish details of chemical form and the manner in which the pollutant is actually present (such as being adsorbed onto the surface of a particle): and impact analysis in which measurements are made for the specific purpose of determining the extent to which an environmental impact is produced by the pollutants in question.通常，测量有四种形式：定性分析，以确定目前的物种；定量分析，以确定有多少物种存在；形态或性质，确定目前污染物的详细的化学组分和方法（如被吸附到表面的粒子）；和影响分析中测量的具体目的是确定在何种程度的环境影响所产生的污染物问题。
A primary air pollution is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration.一次大气污染物是指有害的浓度直接进入到空气中的化学物质。
A secondary air pollution is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components二次大气污染物是指在大气中由气体成分之间发生化学反应的有害化学物质。
(P52表格：污染物来源)Hydrocarbons：Incomplete combustion fossil fuels in automobiles and furnaces; evaporation of industrial solvents and oil spills; tobacco smoke; forest fires; plant decay (about 85 percent of emissions ) 碳氢化合物：不完全燃烧化石燃料的汽车和火炉；蒸发的工业溶剂和石油泄漏；烟草烟雾；森林火灾；植物的腐烂（大约百分之85的排放）Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2): High-temperature fuel combustion in motor vehicles and industrial and fossil fuel power plants; lighting 高温燃料燃烧机动车辆，工业和矿物燃料发电厂;照明Metals and Metal Compounds: Mining； industrial processes; coal burning; automobile exhaust金属盒金属化合物：挖掘；工业生产过程;燃煤;汽车尾气Biofiltration: An Innovative Air Pollution Control Technology for VOC Emissions.生物过滤：一种创新的大气挥发性有机物污染控制技术.Water pollution is an imprecise term that reveals nothing about either the type of polluting material or its source. The way we deal with the waste proble m depends upon whether the contaminants are oxygen demanding, algae promoting, infectious, toxic, or simply unsightly. Pollution of our water resources can oc cur directly from sewer outfalls or industrial discharges (point sources) or in directly from air pollution or agricultural or urban runoff (nonpoint sources).水污染是一个不准确的术语，它并未指出污染物的种类和来源。