六级语法长难句讲义主编许密衫第一节简单句1.1句子的成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种。
主语：发出动作(名词、代词、动名词)●名词●代词人称代词：（主格）I, you, she, he，（宾格）him，mee.g. He love me.物主代词：my, you’re, his, her反身代词：myself, yourself,●动名词：doing， going谓语：动词●实意动词●系动词Be动词:is, am, are感官动词：feel, seem, hear●情态动词：can, may, could, would …宾语：承受动作（动作的承受者，名词，代词）e.g. I love a girl.表语：系动词后面出现的e.g.I am a girl.宾语与主语的区别：取决于前面的宾语状语：时间、地点、目的、方式、条件、原因、结果1.2什么是简单句？相对于从句而言，没有从句的可认为是简单句主语部分（subject group）谓语部分（predicate group）e.g. Professor Ward teaches English to university students.1.2.1简单句类型●主谓：主语+不及物动词e.g. He smell.●主谓宾：主语+及物动词+宾语e.g. I love a girl.主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语e.g. I wait for you .●主系表：●主谓宾宾：直接宾语，间接宾语I give you a book.●主谓宾宾补(补语：形容词、短语、名词)I find it interesting. 我发现它很有趣。
I make you happy.1.2.2 简单句例句1) The household survey has a larger problem. （2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第4段／第1句）S：The household surveyV：has2) That makes finding a solution all the more difficult （2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第2段／第5句）.S：ThatV：makes3) The urge（to quantify） is embedded in our society（2013年6月第1套／第1篇／第5段／第1句）.量化的冲动根植于于我们的社会中I have a plan (to carry out).我有一个（要执行的）计划。
To do不定式做定语。
4) People are generally being given bad advice to slow down,take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida.（2013年12月第2套／第1篇／第2段／第3句）主干：People are generally being given bad advice.具体建议的内容:简单句的扩充星期六（时间状语）我们（主语）在腾讯课堂（地点状语）学（谓语）四级（宾语）。
1.2.3 并列句与从句1）“We’re not educating people about the problem, and it’s getting worse.” (2014年6月／第一篇／第四段／第二句）并列句（不是从句，原因：没有自己的引导词）引导词：and but or 不是从句的引导词！从句引导词：Why what when where who which how that if because so as since2）“You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf Internet or do Facebook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,” said Dr. Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochester Medical Center. （2014年6月第3套／第1篇／第3段／第1句）并列句（不是从句，原因：没有自己的引导词）3）The UK enjoys an excellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institu-tions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a2013年12月第3套／第2篇／第4段／第2句）从句结果状语从句宾语从句定语从句1.2.4 复合句与从句复合句（Compound Sentence）分为并列复合句和主从或从属复合句，并列复合句是有并列连词：and、or、but连接；从属复合句由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成从句：1)有自己的主谓2)有引导词（引导词有时候可以省略）。
第二节从句的概念从句：1)有自己的主谓2)有引导词（引导词有时候可以省略）。
2.1简单句？从句？1）Not surprisingly, the costs are steep（2013年12月第1套／第1篇／第1段／第2句）.2）This is hardly revolutionary, but it is presented in a charming format （2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第3句）.3）With no sign of a new budget to close this gulf, one credit agency has already downgraded California's debt.4）For most of the 20th century（状语） the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two. （2014年6月第1套／第2篇／第1段／第2句）.5）Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that（宾语从句） tech is improving and not impeding our mental processes. （2014年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第3句）.6）Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that（同位语从句） skills can exist independent of factual knowledge. （2014年6月第1套／第2篇／第3段／第3句）.第三节主语从句3.1什么是主语从句？引导词： t hat when why how whether what which who1）主语的部分是一个句子。
这件事让我很郁闷。
It makes me depressed.(That he left )makes me depressed.That 是不能省略的。
2）(明天什么时候开会)还没有定下来。
(When we shall hold the meeting) is not decided yet.汉语多话题英语多主语3.2例句1) A ccounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional tor-ture,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father,What（主语从句） sets Jackson’s family apart is that（表语从句） his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers（2013年6月第1套／第2篇／第4段／第2句）.此处that不能省略，and并列句中that不可省略Train sb as……让杰克逊家庭分崩离析的是他父亲用自己的暴政（威慑手段）来训练孩子成为歌手和舞者。
2）It is essential that a meeting be convened this week.That a meeting be convened this week is essential.本周开会有必要为了避免头重脚轻经常用IT做形式主语。
It is appropriate that this tax (should) be abolished.（That this tax should be abolished）is appropriate废除这项税很合适、恰当。
It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.（That so many people should lose their jobs ）is unfair.很多人要失去他们的工作不公平。
3）Furthermore it is obvious ||that （the strength of a country‘s economy is di-rectly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry）,|| and that （this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds）.再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
That 主语从句引导词That 并列不能省略S1 （the strength of a country‘s economy is directly bound up with the effi-ciency of its agriculture and industry）（this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds）V1 isS2 the strength of a country‘s economy ; thisV2 is bound up with; rests upon4）(That he is still alive) is a wonder.他还活着真是一个奇迹。