八年级上英语_知识点归纳_牛津深圳版Chapter 1：Water1.a little, much, no, too much, too little, not enough + 不可数名词2.a few, many, no, too many, too few, not enough, many a + 可数名词3.A lot of, lots of, some, no, not enough, a great deal of + 可数名词或不可数名词4.A little = not much a few = not many5.经常在否定句中用" much", e.g. There is not much water.6.与There be 句型搭配：There are a lot of people in the swimming pool.7.用在特殊疑问句中：How much food is there? How many oranges are there?8. " need"的用法，两种词性：A.情态动词：need do sth./ needn't do sth.B.实意动词：need to do sth./ don't need to do sth./ need sb to do sth.C.We need water for drinking (表示目的）9. It be + （very much, quite，rather，a little, ) 形容词+ for sb + to so sth. 对某人而言做某事比较··, e.g. It's very important for us to learn English well.10. 由" If " 引导的状语从句：主句用将来时态，If从句用一般时态A.现在时态—We will be thirsty to death if there is no water.B. 过去时态—We would have arrived at home if there was no traffic jam.C.将来时态—They will go to American if they get their passport and Visa.11. 英语中分数词的表达法：A.用“基数词＋序数词”表示: 其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母, 分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。
但是，1／2不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one）half。
e.g. one tenth, a tenth, two fifths, a half, three eighths, a quarter, three quarters, one fourth, three fourths,B.分数修饰名词时，若该名词是不可数名词只能用单数；若是可数名词，用单数或复数均可。
但是，若它们在句子中作主语，则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。
例如：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen．氧气只占空气的1／5。
About two thirds of the students attend the meeting．大约2／3的学生都参加了会议。
C.用“基数词＋介词＋基数词”表示：借助介词表示分数，介词前的数词是分子，介词后的数词是分母，一般介词用" out of, of, in, to". 例如：．Ninety-nine people out of a hundred，if they were asked who first found America, would answer Clumbus．如果要问是谁首先发现美洲，一百个人中有九十九个（百分之九十九）将回答是哥伦布。
12. Until一词的用法：A.当谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定形式：You can wait here until help comes. (直到..才）B.当谓语动词时非延续性动词时，用否定形式：She didn't go to bed until her daughter came back. （直到她女儿回来了她才睡觉）C.是否用not要取决于动词时延续性还是非延续性的，即使动词用否定形式，在翻译成汉语的时候都要说成“直到...才...”。
D." it was not until....that....", 强调句型。
It was not until her daughter came back that she went to bed.E.Not until放在句首，句子要倒装：Not until her daughter came back did she go tobed.13.常用短语：Believe it or not, flush the toilet, at least, pour into the sink, waste water, clean up, in the first place.Chapter 2 School newspaper1." suggest"用法：建议，暗示，同义词" advise",A.Suggest + doing sth. : She suggests going shopping at weekend.B.Suggest + that ( should ) do sth. He suggested that school should hold a sports event.2.Take charge of = be in charge of , 由...负责；be in the charge of ... 某物在某人的掌控之下She takes charge of all books in the library.She is in charge of all books in the library.All books in the library is in the charge of her.3." ask"的用法：ask sb ( not ) to do sth. / ask for help, sth.../ ask ab about sth.He asked me to fetch waterHe asks me about the whether in England.He asks for help.4." how often, 多久...'; How often do you take exercise ?5." agree "的用法：A.agree with sb. 同义某人的观点，意见，想法，分析：In my opinion, we should not play computer games frequently. —Yes，I totally agree with you.B.Agree to sth. 表示一方提出意见，观点，计划，另一方写作，We agree to their arrangement.C.Agree on/ upon sth: 指双方通过协商而取得一致意见,We agree on the price.D.Agree to do sth.= agree on doing sth. 同意某人做某事They agree to conclude the meeting soon. (不能用agree sb to do sth. )6.In one week's time = one week later 表示在一星期之后，一般用于将来时。
7." finish " 用法：finish doing sth./ finish sth 完成某事8." take part in " & " join in " & " join "的用法：A.Take part in，常指参加某活动，聚会等：She took part in Helen’s birthday party yesterday.B.Join in, 常指参加某活动，聚会等: Would you like to join in the dancing with us ?C.Join常指参加某团体，组织，军队等：Pupils are proud of joining Young Pioneer.9.Should & ought to ：两者都“应该”，用法基本相同,区别在于：(1) ought to比should 语气强, should 表示主观看法，一些建议，劝说时，译作“应当”。
ought to，直接接动词原形，更多反映客观情况，“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该”（2）ought to的否定就表示做某事一定是错误的而should的否定就表示某动作不一定要做。
A.I/You/He/She/We/They should + do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They ought to do sthB.I/You/He/She/We/They should not + do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They ought not to do sthC.I/You/He/She/We/They shouldn't do sth = I/You/He/She/We/They oughtn't to dosthe.g She ought to take care of her sister. = She should take care of her sister.You oughtn’t to be late for school. You shouldn’t be late for school.10.感叹句形式：A.What a/an + 形容词+ 名词+ 主语+ 谓语B.How + 形容词、副词+ 主语+ 谓语e.g. What a beautiful girl she is! = How beautiful girl she is!What an exciting new it is ! = How exciting the new is !How quickly he ran !11.Hundreds of , thousands of, millions of, billions of...成百上千，成千上万，成万上亿...12.常用短语：hold a meeting, elect the chief editor, vote for (为..投票），take charge of =be in charge of , ask for, take notes （of ), be responsible for, take over, be free to readers, pay for sth., agree to do sth. Conclude the meeting，bring the meeting to the end, give out newspaper（出版），common sense, put a mark on, write down, at the New Year's Party, in all (总共），march around the street, take part in, at the end (of ), in the end, take place, be on fire（着火），be born in（出身于），science fiction film, adventure film, what a shame, congratulations! Well done, you deserve to win. Long time no see. I'm sorry but..., find out.Chapter 3 Detectives and Crimes1.The + adj.：表示一类人，the old 老人，the young 年轻人，the guilty 有罪之人，当这类词做主语时，谓语动词要用三人称单数形式：e.g. The old always needs to be taken care of.2." protect"用法：protect sb from doing sth, 保护某人....不受影响, 相当于" prevent from".阻止某人受...影响。