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LED光源在景观设计中的应用-外文翻译-完成

LED在景观照明中的应用LED光源除了无汞、节能、节材、对环境无电磁干扰、无有害射线五项优点之外,在照明领域中,特别是在景观照明中,还有很多优势。

如:低压供电——无高压环节,为了绝缘的开销要小得多,可靠性高;附件简单——无启动器、镇流器或超高压变压器;结构简单——具有固体光源的最大优点,不充气,无玻璃外壳,无气体密封问题,耐冲击;可控性好——响应时间快(微秒数量级),可反复频繁亮灭,基本无惰性,不会疲倦;色彩纯厚——由半导体PN结自身产生色彩,纯正,浓厚;色彩丰富——三基色加数码技术,可演变任意色彩;轻质结构——节材,节约费用;对灯具强度和刚度要求很低;——体积小巧大的LED灯具可看成由LED细胞组成,最小的LED仅为平方毫米数量级或更小;柔性化好——LED 光源的精巧,使LED能适应各种几何尺寸和不同空间大小的装饰照明要求,诸如:点、线、面、球、异形式,乃至任意艺术造型的灯光雕塑;可见,LED不愧为21世纪绿色照明的骄子。

LED景观装饰灯具研发的特点由于LED具有上述一系列优势,LED在景观灯具的研发方面主要有以下几个方向:园林灯,步道灯,地埋灯,小型射灯,草坪灯,快车道分道地灯,壁灯等。

光源采用LED,并结合变幻控制,可升级对景观的烘托,使其更具艺术品位。

非标异形景观灯具的开发,在景观照明中,灯具安装要保护景观和环境,防止灯具有碍观瞻,要做到白天美化,夜幕下艺术亮化。

这就需要灯具的结构与安装因景制宜,因建筑特色制宜,很多标准灯具是满足不了以上要求的。

LED灯具设计的柔性化,特别适合因景制宜的非标灯具设计,使景观照明与景观协调,达到美化环境的新水平。

艺术化景观灯具开发灯具本身就是一种造型艺术,而LED光源将更能使景观灯具的艺术创意达到更高境界。

由于LED的可控性好,色彩丰富,与微电子技术实现智能化控制,可以构思出各种色彩缤纷、动感节奏欢快、旋律优美的景观灯具。

如:LED霹雳灯,比气体放电型霹雳灯要长寿得多,又不易损坏,而且色彩丰富。

又如:LED风车灯,只需微机智能控制,就可实现“无风时”飞速旋转,并且还能实现自动变速和换色的美妙变幻。

类似这样的构思,只要有灵感,都能实现。

灯光雕塑类的开发,任何仿真的、仿生的、漫画的、卡通的、商业的、旅游的等等的各种灯光雕塑,均可结合LED和声响技术以及微电子控制,必要时还可再加上机电一体化技术,开发出一系列吸引人们眼球的景观灯光雕塑。

LED景观照明的智能化控制技术,LED景观照明的智能化控制技术,属于模拟或数码技术、或微机控制技术领域,多数为紧凑型或嵌入式系统。

特点:可靠性高,价格优;变化花样繁多;既有单灯控制,又有群控模式;非标设计很多;长或超长灯具多(如:长光带,很多壁灯线状布局情况);与LED显示屏技术有很多不同之处。

根据景观美化的要求,变幻控制模式,给人以丰富多彩,旋律优美,节奏欢快的感受,有时芯至给人以撼动人心的强烈刺激。

根据LED可控性好,色彩丰富的特点,色彩构成几乎无限。

按照三基色原理加数字灰度控制技术,原理上可演变出几乎超越大自然存在的任意色彩。

例如:三基色LED,如只采用二级灰度控制,即:明和暗,可实现8种色彩演变;又如:三基色LED,采用三级灰度控制,即:明、中、暗,可实现27种色彩变幻;再如:三基色LED,如都采用八位数码的灰度控制,色彩种类竟达到了令人吃惊的程度,达1677万种,连每一种颜色的名字你都来不及命名。

目前,LED灯具的电子控制结构,主要有五大类或更多:单灯控制、群灯控制、长或超长跨距灯控制、声响控制、感应控制。

就寿命表现度而言,硅树脂可以达到延长白光LED使用寿命的目标,甚至可以达到4万小时以上的使用寿命,但是,是不是真的适合用来做照明的应用就还有待研究,因为硅树脂是具有弹性的柔软材料,所以在封装的过程中,需要特别注意应用的方式,而来设计出最适当的应用技术。

对于未来应用的方面,提高白光LED的光输出效率将会是决胜的关键点。

白光LED的生产技术,从过去的蓝色LED和黄色的YAG荧光体的组合,开发出仿真白光的目标,到利用三色混合或者使用GaN材料,开发出白光LED,对于应用来说,已经可以看的出将会朝向更广泛的方向扩展。

ﻫ另外,白光LED的发光效率,这些年已经有了不错的的发展,日本LED照明推进协会目标是,期望能够预计在2009年达到100lm/w的发光效率,而事实上,有相当多的业者都在朝向这方面开发,所以预计在数年内,100lm/w发光效率就能够实际上商业化应用。

LED微电子控制电路优化设计的焦点在于:可靠、价优,采用通用元器件,来源丰富。

对于长或超长跨距灯的控制除以上要求,还要有以下优点,如:数十米,百米乃至千米以上的光带或线状布局的点光源。

优化设计的目标还有:在运动控制上,要色彩丰富,变幻多姿,既含跳变,又有渐变,同时还要最大限度地减少讯导线。

LED发展中要攻克的主要问题LED进入照明领域是新生事物,具有划时代的意义。

但是,与任何新技术一样,LED还存在一些急需完善的方面。

1)研发LED高功率点光源国际上,Phlips、GE、OSRAN等大公司都有双端的球形HID产品,这是目前世界上最先进的大功率HID光源,特别是Phl ips公司基于这种光源的体育场馆灯具,灯具效率和配光曲线非常优秀。

尽管LED有很多独特的优势,但目前这方面却是空白。

高功率密度的点状光源对用于半导体发光原理的LED可能是一个很大的技术难点。

2)发展高效率、高功率因数、价优的紧凑型模块化LED电源,LED供电简便,既可直流供电,又可脉冲供电。

没有HID和高压霓虹灯的一系列麻烦。

目前,低效率的供电系统,拖了LED的后腿,节能水平大打折扣。

开关电源从70年代的20KHZ的标准到目前已达到1MHZ以上的软开关技术,问题关键在于如何做到质优价廉。

3)发展新型LED混光、混色技术LED光源,单位体积很小,在很多场合明显是优点,但有时又是缺点。

如:在LED平面型光源上,通常出现点状光斑以及混色不均匀现象。

目前,混光、混色存在的问题是:混光、混色的均匀水平与透光率的矛盾。

这个问题也是阻碍LED发展的因素,主要是材料的原因,急待攻克,对LED景观灯具实用性有很重要的意义。

LED进入照明领域,是照明技术的革命性飞跃。

LED对绿色照明发展的历史性贡献,将丝豪不逊于从电子管时代到晶体管时代的飞跃,即使评价为如同晶体管跨越到大规模集成电路的巨变一样,也毫不夸张。

ﻫ在景观照明方面,LED有着更为独特的优势,可以深信,LED景观灯具将沿着多学科交叉融合的大道,朝着艺术化、智能化、柔性化的方向快速发展。

作者:王滨. 《LED光源在景观设计中的应用》.照明设计,2008年5月20日http://hi.b/z.mshejis.comLED lighting in the landscape ofApart from themercury-free LED light source,saving energy,materials,environmental non-electromagneticinterf erence, non-harmful rays five advantage, fields inlighting,especially inlandscape lighting,there are many advantages. Such as:low-voltage power supply - no high-pressure areas, inorder toinsulationcosts much less,highreliability annex simple- no s tarter, ballastor EHV transformer; simple structure- a solid sourceof thegreatestadvantages ,Non-carbonated,non-glasscase,nogas sealing problems, impact resistance; control lablegood -fast response time(microsecondorder of magnitude)can berepeated frequently-out,basically inert, will not be tired; color Chunhou-- SemiconductorPN junctionproduce their own color, pure, strong, rich colors -plusthree primary colors of digital technology, evolution of arbitrary color; light structure -wood,cost-saving; lampson strength andstiffness requirements of very low---- Thecompact size oftheLED lamps can be seen as t heLED cells, only the smallest LED mm2 orderof magnitude or less;flexible good- LEDlightsource ofthecompact, LED canadapt toallkinds of different size and geometry ofspa ce size The decorativelighting requirements, suchas: point, li ne, surface,theball, different forms,andany form ofart lighting sculpture;visible, LED isworthy ofagreen lightingof the21st century proud. ﻫLEDdecorative landscapelighting researchand development duetothecharacteristics of the LEDwith a series of advantages,LED lamps in the landscape ofresearch and development mainly inthe followingdirections: gardenlights,pathlights,lamps and buried,smallspotlights, Caoping Deng,the Fast-TrackRoad Lamps, wall lamp,and so on. Source use LED, combinedwithchanges in control,upgradingthe Hongtuo onthe landscape, making themmore artistic tastes. Non-standard profiled the development of landscape lighting, landscape lighting, lampsinstalled to protectthelandsc ape andenvironment,the preventionof lighting thevisual impact, in order to beautify theday, under the artistic Lianghua night. Thi srequires installationof lamps because of the structureand system to King, thearchitecturalfeatures to the system,many can not meetthe standardlamps is more thanrequir ed.LED lampsdesigned flexible, especially for thesystem toKing because of the non-standardlighting design, landscape lighting and visual coordination,beautifythe environment toachieveanewlevel.Art of Landscape Lightinglamps isitself a developmentofVisual Arts,and theLEDlight sourcecan be morecreative artof landscape lightingto a higher realm. As thecontrollable LED good,richcolors,andmicroelectronic technologyintelligent control, to all kinds of ideas canbecolo urful and excitingjoyfulrhythm,melodybeautiful landscape lighting. Such as: LED lights Perak, Perak than the gas-dischargelamp sto be much morelongevity, not damaged, and richcolors. Another example: LED lights winds,just intelligentcomputer control,we can achieve "Nowind atthe" rapid rotation, andalso enables automatic transmissionandfor thewonderfulcolor changes. Similar ideas, aslong as theinspiration,can achieve.Lighting sculpture categoryof development, any of the simulation, bionics, comics, cartoons, commercial,tourismand soonthevariouslighting sculpture, and sound can be combine dLED technology and microelectronics control, when necessary,to gether with Onthemechanical and electrical integrationtechnology, developedto attractpeople's attentiona series oflandscape lighting sculptures.LED lighting landscape ofintelligent control technology, LEDlightinglandscape of intelligent control technology,adigitaloranalog technology, orcomputer controltechnology, forthemost compact or embedded systems.Characteristics: highreliability,excellentprices; many changes inpatterns;existing single-lightcontrol, another group control mode; manynon-standarddesign; long long lamps or more (such as: long-zone, manyWall linearlayout); LED display technology and a lot ofdifference. ﻫAccording to thel andscaping requirements, changes in control mode,givesto richand colorful, beautiful melody,rhythm joyful feelings,sometimes to shake the core togive people a strong boost.Accordingto LEDcontrollable, and thecharacteristics ofrich color, color constitute almost unlimited. In accordancewith theprinciples of the three primary colors andgray-scale digital control technology, on the principle of evolution to be almost bey ondthe arbitrary nature color.For example: threecolorLED, such as using only two gray-scale control, namely: the dark and can achieve eightkinds of color evolution;Another example:three color LED, a three-gray control,namely:that in the dark, To achieve 27 kinds of color changes; Anothere xample:three color LED,such as theuse of the eight digit alcontrol ofgray,color categorieshas reachedan alarminglevel, reaching 16.77 million kinds, even the names of everyc olor youare too lateNamed.Currently,LED lampselectronic control structure, there arefive or morecategories:single-lightcontrol, light control group, or super-long span of control oflights,noisecontrol, s ensor control.ﻫOn the performance of life, thesiliconecan be achievedto extend the service lifeof white LED target,or evenreach more than 40,000hours of life, but is not really suited to d othe lighting onthe application ofresearch still needs to be, because thesiliconeIs a flexible soft material,so in the packaging process,the need to payspecial attention to applica tion of the way,from designing the mostappropriateapplication of technology.For the future of thearea,improve white LED light output efficiency willbe key to winning the point.White LEDproduction techniques,from a blue LED and a yellow YAG phosphormix, d eveloped a simulation ofthe white target, the useof colouror mixed use of GaN materials, developedawhiteLED,the applicationshave already Will be readout inthe direction towardsamore extensive expansion.In addition, the luminous efficiency white LED,which hasbe en good in the developmentof LED lightingpromoting the Japan Association goal is to look forward to in 2009is expectedtoreach 100 lm/w the luminous efficiency, and in fact, a considerable number of Intheindustry towards thedevelop ment ofthisarea,isexpected inthe nextfew years,100lm /w luminousefficiencycan actually commercial applications.LEDmicro-electroniccontrolcircuitdesign optimizationof the focus is: reliable, theprice ofdistinctions, using common components,sources of wealth. The length or lon gspan of controllights inadditionto theaboverequirements,butalso has the following advantages, such as: Shu Shimi, 100 metersand 1,000 meters above the band orlinear layout ofthe pointsource. Optimal Design of theobjectives are:motion control, it is necessary to colourful,bringingamazingvisual i mages,both oftransition, have graded,butalso to minimize - wire.LED development ofthe main issues tobe tackled into the LED lighting is new tothe area, is of epoch-makingsignificance. However, as with any new technology, LEDthere arest ill some areasin urgent needofimprovement.1)research and developmentof highpowerLED light source at the international level,Phlips,GE,OSRAN and otherbig companies have double-sphericalHID products, which iscurrently the world's most advanced high-power HIDlight sources,especiallyPhlipscompanybasedon thissource of sportsVenues lamps,lamp efficiency and with verygood light curve. Although LED manyunique advantages,but this area is blank.High-powerdensity point for the semiconductorLEDlightsource on the principle ofLEDmaybe a lot oftechnical dif ficulties. ﻫ2)the development of high efficiency, high power fa ctor,the price of gifted compact modularpower LED,LED power supply is simple, can DCpowersupply, power supply can pulse.HID noneonlights and aseries of high-pressuretr oubles. Atpresent, the low efficiency of the power supplysystem,dragged downby the LED,greatlyreducedthe levelofenergy. Switching power supply from the1970s to 20KHZthe standardhasnow reachedmore than1MHZ the soft-switch technology,the cru xof the problem is howtoachievequality and cheap.3) the developmentofnew LED mixed light,blending technical LED light source, unit volume isvery small, on many occasionsclearly merits, but sometimesalso shortcomings. Such as: the LED-type light on the plane, there are usually spot-beam and unevenblend phenomenon. Atpresent, themixed light, blending thequestion is: mixedlight, blended with the uniform level oftransparency ofcontradictions.This issue is alsohindered the developmentof LED, primarily for materials, the needto capturethe landscape LED lamps have aver yimportantpractical significance. ﻫTo enterthe field ofLED lighting, lighting technologyis a revolutionary lea p. LED lightingon the Green's historic contribution to the de velopment, willbe silk-ho in line withthetimesfromthe tube to thetransistor era leap, even astransistorsfor evaluation byleaps andbounds to the changesin thesamelarge-scale integra tedcircuits, noexaggeration. ﻫIn landscape lighting,LED has a more unique advantages, can be confident that, LED lamps landscape will be moreinterdisciplinary fusion along the road, toward theartsand intelligent,flexible in th edirection ofrapid development.Author: WangBin."LEDlight source in the applicationof landscape design."Lighting Design, May20,2008http://hi.baidu.com/z.mshe。

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