主谓一致一．概念：句子的主语和谓语在人称．．和数．上保持一致。

二．遵循的原则：1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则（邻近原则）三．用法：1. 单复数同形的名词means, headquarters（总部），series（系列），species（种类），works（工厂）作主语时，谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。

eg. ①These glass works are near the railway station.②This glass works(玻璃厂) was set up in 1990.注:remains作遗体讲,谓语动词用复数;作遗迹、剩余物讲，谓语动词用单数或复数。

2. 只有复数形式的名词scissors(剪子),glasses(眼镜), clothes, shorts(短裤), trousers(裤子), goods(货物), earnings(收入)，shoes, chopsticks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

eg. ①Where are my spectacles(眼镜)?I can’t find them.②One pair of scissors isn’t enough.3. 以s结尾的名词作主语时:⑴以s结尾的不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

eg. What’s the news?⑵以s结尾的专有名词作主语时:a. 以s结尾的表示国家,组织等名称或书名作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

如：the Netherlands(荷兰), the United States(美国), the United Nations(联合国), The Cantebury Tales(坎特伯雷的故事),American Notes(美国笔记), The Arabian Nights(一千零一夜)b. 以s结尾的表示山脉,群岛,海峡,瀑布等地理名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

如：the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉), the Philippine Islands(菲律宾群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)c. 以s结尾的疾病、游戏名称等作主语,谓语动词用单数。

如：diabetes(糖尿病), darts(投镖游戏), marbles(打弹子游戏)d. 以ics结尾的学科名称作主语,谓语动词用单数。

如：physics, mathematics, politics, economics4.集体名词作主语时:⑴表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;表示个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式.例如army, audience, band, board(董事会), cast(全体演员),class, committee, crew(全体船员), crowd, family, generation,government, group, party, population, publie, school, staff,team, company等。

注:这些词前如有whole修饰,则表示整体,谓语动词用单数。

⑵只当复数看待的集体名词如cattle, folk(人们)，people, youth,poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫), militia(民兵)谓语动词用复数。

注:people作民族讲,谓语动词可用单数。

eg.Every people has its own ways of living.⑶常作不可数名词、表示总称的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数，例如furniture, luggage(行李),merchandise(商品),equipment, foliage(叶子),machinery（机械）、clothing, jewelry（珠宝）等。

5. 主语为外来的复数名词时,谓语动词作单数，例如data（数据）(谓语动词也可用复数),agenda（议程）等。

6. 表示时间、距离、金钱的复数名词作主语时，意义一致,把复数名词看作整体,谓语动词用单数。

eg. ①Three years has passed.②Four hundred miles is long distance.③Fifty dollars is dear.7. 如果主语由more than one…, many a…, a/an/one…and a half与名词构成，谓语动词用单数。

one and a half+名词复数,谓语动词视名词而定。

more than +名词复数或more+名词复数+than one结构后，谓语动词用复数。

eg. ①More than one question was asked at the meeting.②Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.③An apple and a half was eaten.（= One and a half apples were eaten.）④One and a half years has passed. （整体概念）8. 代词作主语时：（1）表示数量的不定代词much, little作主语时，谓语动词用单数；many，(a)few, both, several作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

eg. ①Much of our food comes from plants.②Only the few are likely to enjoy the music.（2）such, the same起指示代词作用时，谓语动词根据其所指内容决定单复数（意义一致）。

eg. ①Such is our plan.②Such are his words.（3）most (of), none (of), some (of), all (of) 作主语时，谓语动词根据意义一致的原则。

一般来说，all指人时，谓语动词用复数；指事情时谓语动词用单数。

eg. ①All are right.(所有人都身体健康)②All is right.(一切进展顺利)（4）each (of), either (of), neither (of), the other, another，以及some, every, any, no+thing, body,one构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数(主语为none,谓语动词现多用复数，也可用单数)。

each放在代词后面作同位语，谓语动词由代词决定。

eg. We each have a reference book.（5）关系代词who, which, that等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数保持一致。

eg. Those who want to go please sign your name here.（6）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人要表达的意思决定单复数（意义一致）。

eg. Which is (are) your books?9. 表示不定数量的名词短语作主语时：（1）a (great) number of, many, a few+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；(a) little, much, a great deal of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

注：A. a （large）quantity of +可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词的形式通常视of后名词的具体情况而定，该名词是不可数名词时谓语用单数形式，该名词时复数可数名词时谓语通常要采用复数形式；（large）quantities of +可数名词复数或不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数。

B. a large/great amount/sum of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；large/great amounts/sums of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数。

（2）表示“种类、计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、复数形式同形)、species(单数、复数形式同形), ton, meter等与of连用构成主语时，由of之前表示“种类、计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。

a portion/pile/panel (组)/committee/board of +可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

如：a kind /sort/type of, this kind /sort/type of+名词单/复数，谓语动词用单数; these/those kind(s) /sort(s)/type(s) of+名词复数, 谓语动词用复数; what kind of+名词单数，谓语动词用单数；what kinds of+名词单数，谓语动词用复数。

eg. There has been a whole series of accidents on the stretch of roadrecently. (最近在这一段路上发生了一连串事故)（3）the number of +可数名词复数，the amount of +不可数名词，the quantity of +可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

（4）a lot of, lots of, a heap of, heaps of（许多）, half of, plenty of, the rest of, the remainder of+可数/不可数名词作主语，谓语动词根据of后面的名词决定。

eg. ①Half of the students have read the novel.②Half of the food is unfit to eat.10. 数词（由数词构成的短语）作主语时：（1）分数或百分比+of+名词作主语，谓语动词根据of后面的名词决定。

eg. ①Two thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of vast ocean.②Three fifths of the workers here are women.（2）基数词单纯表示数字作主语时，谓语动词用单数；表示数量时，谓语动词用复数。

eg. ①Twelve are boys.②Ten billion is a large number.（3）不可数名词前如有表数量的复数词出现，做主语时，谓语用复数。

eg.Thousands of tons of coal are carried out from this mine every month .（4）one or two+名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a/one+名词单数+or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。