六级新题型——翻译练习(1)1.京剧的脸谱（Peking Opera masks）几乎成了中国文化的一个代表性的符号，一种象征。
许多国家举办“中国文化年”，招贴画上往往画着一个大大的京剧脸谱。
脸谱有两种用意。
一种是表明剧中人的身份和性格。
如“红脸”表示这个人忠勇，“黑脸”表示这个人粗豪，“白脸”表示这个人奸恶。
再一种用意是体现人们对这个角色的道德评价和审美（aesthetic）评价，如可敬的、可恨的、崇高的、可笑的，等等。
脸谱除了这种含义外，它本身又具有一种色彩美、图案美。
Peking Opera masks are now almost emblematic of China. Many countries design postersYear of Chinese Culture”. Masks serve two purpose.using Peking Opera masks to signal a “One is to indicate the identity and character of the role. For example, a “red face”person is loyal and brave; a “black face” signifies the person is straightforward; and a identities the person as crafty and evil. The other purpose is to express people’s face” appraisal of the roles from a moral and aesthetic point of view, such as responsible, hateful,noble, or ridiculous, etc. Besides being evocative, Peking Opera masks are in and ofthemselves an art of beautiful colors and designs.2.舞狮（Lion Dance）大约起源于南北朝时期，到了唐朝，狮子舞已发展为上百人集体表演的大型歌舞。
舞狮在中国是一项传统体育项目，也是一种传统文化艺术，从北方到南方，从城市到乡村，逢年过节及庆典盛事，都可以看到欢快的舞狮。
民间认为舞狮可以很好地把百姓的欢喜心情表达出来，也最能烘托热闹气氛。
人们相信石子是吉祥瑞兽，而舞狮能够带来好运，所以每逢节日和喜庆活动，都会舞狮助兴，气球吉利如意（luckand fortune）。
The lion dance originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, developed into large-scalesinging and dancing performed by hundreds of people collectively in the Tang Dynasty. Thelion dance is a traditional culture and art. From the North to South, from cities to countries,on other festivals and celebrations.people can see cheerful lion dances on New Year’s Day andFolk people believe that the lion dance can express people’s feelings of joy, and it can also setoff the lively atmosphere. People believe that the lion is the lucky beast that expresses joy andhappiness. Therefore, the lion dance plays an important role at official celebrations and happyevents to summon luck and fortune.3.亭是一种常见的中国建筑，指一种有顶没有围墙的建筑形式，也是中国传统建筑的一部分。
中国亭一般是木质、石质或竹制的，形状各异。
但它们的基本结构相同：一个屋顶，几根柱子，没有墙壁。
亭有许多功能。
路边的亭被称为凉亭，在夏季可为疲惫的旅人提供一个遮阳休息之地。
也有建在桥上或水井上的带天窗的亭，阳光可以透过天窗（dormerwindows）射入井底。
隋唐时期，一些富有的官员和文人（scholars）在自家花园里修建亭子。
自此，亭子的使用功能减弱，审美功能增强。
A common sight in the country, the Chinese Pavilion is covered structure without surroundingwalls and also a part of traditional Chinese architecture. The Chinese pavilion is builtnormally wither of wood or stone or bamboo and may be in any of several plan figures. Butall pavilion described as ting have this in common: they have columns to support the roof, butno walls. Pavilions also serve diverse purpose. The wayside pavilion is called liangting toprovide weary wayfarers with a place for a rest and a shelter in summer from the sun. Pavilionalso stand on some bridges or over water wells. In the latter case, dormer windows are built toallow the sun to cast its rays into the wells. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties wealthyofficials and scholars incorporated pavilions into their personal gardens. During this period the function of pavilions shifted from the practical to the aesthetic.4. 风水源于中国人对于大自然的敬畏（reverence），及对自然界万事万物统一性(oneness)的信仰。
人们认为过上和谐生活的关键是要再日常生活中体现出自然界的平衡。
风水代表了我们的祖先对自然界的简单认识。
如今，风水在人们的生活中仍然发挥着重要的作用。
很多人会根据风水的原则装饰自己的住宅，以求改善生活质量。
例如，床不能太靠近窗户，因为光线会直接影响睡眠质量。
镜子不能挂在床对面的墙上，以免在夜间被自己的镜像吓到。
Fengshui has its roots in the Chinese reverence for nature and belief in the oneness of all things. The assumption is that the key to living a harmonious life is for people to reflect thebalance of nature in their daily life. Fengshui embodies a simple recognition of nature by our Chinese ancestors. Nowadays, Fengshui still plays an important role in people’slife. To improve their quality of life, many people decorate their houses according to Fengshui rules.For example, beds should not be put too close to windows because beams of light would directly affect the quality of sleep. Mirrors should not be hung on walls opposite beds in case you may be scared by the reflections at night.5. 京剧是中国流行最广、影响最大的一个剧种，有近200年的历史。
京剧在形成的过程中，吸收了许多地方戏的精华，又收到北京方言贺风俗习惯的影响。
京剧虽然诞生在北京，但不仅仅是北京的地方戏。
中国各地都有演出京剧的剧团。
目前上演的京剧主要有传统剧、新编历史剧和现代戏三大类。
京剧作为中国民族戏曲的精华，在国内外都有很大的影响。
许多京剧表演艺术家也曾到师姐各地访问演出，收到了各国人民的喜爱。
Peking Opera is the most popular and influential opera in China with a history of almost 200years. In the course of its formation, it assimilated the best from many other local operas and was affected by Beijing local dialect and customs. Though Peking Opera originated from Beijing, it is not a localized opera exclusive to Beijing only. What are staged today are primarily three types, namely, traditional Beijing Operas, newly composed historical ones and modern ones. Beijing Opera, as the national opera, enjoys a high reputation both inside and outside China. Many famous opera actors and actresses have frequently been invited to perform abroad and have been highly appreciated by foreign audiences.6. 农历八月十五，是中国传统节日中秋节。