2012级土木工程（本）专业《土木工程英语》课程论文论文题目：建筑物墙体裂缝的质量控制的研究The quality of the building wall crack control research专业班级：学生姓名：请叫我雷哥哥学号：论文成绩：评阅教师：2015年11月15日（一）新型墙体抗裂抗渗性能及工程应用研究正文：新型墙体在我国得到了广泛应用,取得了极大的社会效益和经济效益,但是墙体的开裂渗漏问题也日益凸显,这不仅带来了建筑功能的下降和保温节能的失效,而且导致建筑物使用寿命的降低。
为了更好地推广使用新型墙体材料,解决新型墙体工程应用的抗裂抗渗问题已成为迫在眉睫的问题。
从产品生产、施工工艺、设计计算、构造措施、检测技术等多个环节,沿着“工程实践”主线,对新型墙体材料抗裂抗渗调研、不同龄期混凝土砖墙体收缩试验、框架填充墙干缩开裂数值模拟、新型墙体表层渗透性能现场测试、墙体表层裂缝图像处理几个方面开展了系统、深入的研究,主要研究内容及成果如下：1)对新型墙体材料在浙江地区工程中的工程应用情况进行了广泛的调查研究,并采用样本数据进行了统计分析,调研表明：行业管理部门没有详细的技术实施导则、生产企业内部的管理制度及保证体系不完善,是引起质量缺陷的“源头”。
2)采用“半分离-整体式”计算模型和二层单跨框架填充墙结构模型,进行了干缩开裂过程的数值模拟,对不同柱刚度、开洞率、连接刚度下结构的变形、应力、裂缝规律做了详细的描述,对相关因素做了定量分析,包括自重和竖向荷载作用的影响、干缩带来的变形和裂缝问题等。
3)采用均匀化(匀质化)代表单元RVE(representative volume element)对砌体结构进行了分析,主要进行了弹性阶段的一些有限元模拟试验,包括构建的单元在单轴受压、单轴受拉情况下的强度模拟、等效弹性常数的模拟、对单元进行累叠、整体结构算例等,用以验证RVE单元从单个扩充到整体时的合理性。
4)通过试验研究了不同龄期混凝土砖块体和墙体的收缩变形规律,得出了墙体初期收缩率、应变状态的变化情况,拟合了初期应变与时间的关系,采用数值模拟进行了对比,并在此基础上提出了工程限制措施建议。
5)采用GWT透水测试仪以及相关的试验方法对烧结页岩砖墙、混凝土多孔砖墙的表层渗透性进行了现场测试,分析了不同材料、不同位置、不同试验措施等对渗透系数的影响,同时以测试成果为基础对墙体渗透性进行了评价。
6)将数字图像处理技术应用于墙体浅层裂缝测量上,提出了一种基于神经网络进行图像分割的方法,应用该方法对墙体裂缝图像进行提取,通过实例说明了获取数字化裂缝信息的可行性。
7)结合上述研究成果和相关文献的总结,制定了一个基于抗裂抗渗性能的新型墙体材料工程应用技术导则。
上述各个研究点对应于新型墙体抗裂工程应用的各个阶段和环节。
新型墙体抗裂抗渗性能工程应用研究是一个复杂和渐进的过程,本文通过研究取得了阶段性成果,为后续工作提供了一定的基础。
翻译：New wall cracking impermeability performance research andengineering applicationNew wall has been widely applied in our country, and achieved great social benefits and economic benefits, but the wall crack leakage problem is increasingly highlighted, which not only lead to a drop in building function and the failure of heat preservation and heat insulation, and reduce the service life of the building. In order to better promote the use of new wall materials, solve the new wall permeability in the engineering application of crack problem has become an urgent problem. From production, construction technology, design calculation, construction measures, detection technology, and other links, along the "engineering practice" the main line, on the investigation of new wall materials cracking impermeability, different age test and shrinkage of concrete brick wall frame infilled wall dry shrinkage cracking numerical simulation, the new wall surface permeability field test, the wall surface crack image processing system and in-depth researches on several aspects, the main research contents and results were as follows: 1) for the engineering application of new wall materials engineering in zhejiang area situation has carried on the extensive investigation and study, and the sample data is used for statistical analysis, research shows that the industry management department no detailed technical implementation guidelines, production enterprise internal management system and guarantee system is not perfect, is the "source" of quality defects. 2) the separation of "half - integral" calculation model and the second single across the infilled wall frame structure model, has carried on the numerical simulation of drying shrinkage cracking process with different column stiffness, open hole rate, connecting stiffness of the structure under deformation, stress, fracture rules made detailed description, the quantitative analysis of relevant factors, including weight and the effect of vertical load, deformation and fracture of the problems of drying shrinkage, etc. (3) the homogenization and qualitative) on behalf of the unit RVE (representative volume element) of masonry structure is analyzed, the main elastic stage of some of the finite element simulation tests have been carried out, including the building unit in uniaxial compression strength, uniaxial tension situation simulation, the simulation of equivalent elastic constants, and stacking unit for calculation of the overall structure, to verify the rationality of the RVE unit from a single extended to the whole. 4) through the experimental study on the different age concrete brick body and contraction deformation law of the wall, the wall is obtained in the early changes of the shrinkage rate and strain state, fitting the relationship between the initial strain and time, the numerical simulation were compared, and puts forward engineering measures on the basis of advice.5) using GWT permeable tester as well as the relevant test method for sintering permeability shalebrick, concrete porous brick wall surface has carried on the field test, analysis of the different material, different location, different test measures such as effect on the permeability coefficient, at the same time, based on the test results of wall permeability was evaluated. 6) digital image processing technology was applied to measurement of shallow cracks, this paper proposes a method for image segmentation based on neural network, the method to extract of wall crack image, through the example is given to illustrate the feasibility of digital crack information. 7) the combination of the above research results and related literature summary, made a based on crack permeability performance of new wall materials technical guideline for engineering applications. Above all the points corresponding to the new wall crack at various stages of engineering application and links. New walling crack resistance performance of engineering application research is a complicated and gradual process, this article through studies has made some progress, provides a certain basis for the following.（二）The causes of cracks on the masonry common analysis and prevention Abstract: the engineering practice, found that a large number of cracks in masonry structure, light person affect beautiful, the person that weigh affect use, so the cracking of masonry structure how to reinforce and processing is very urgent. For cracking to reinforce construction must carefully analyze the causes of cracks, according to various strengthening methods corresponding to different types of buildings, respectively, take measures to prevent. Based on the brief analysis of the nature of the masonry cracks and crack control principles and measures on the basis of the masonry structure crack control of concrete measures and Suggestions are put forward.Key words: masonry structure; Fracture analysis; Fracture prevention; Reinforcement measures Wall crack is the common problem of masonry project, common crack in the masonry are: settlement crack, temperature crack and overload crack, etc. Masonry cracks, often marks within the masonry is a part of internal stress for more than it can bear the tensile and shear strength limit. Masonry cracks after, will affect the structure of the beautiful. Some still can cause diseases, such asleakage of the building for the strength, stiffness and stability of the building will produce different degrees of weakening; Some masonry cracks, such as overload crack will cause building collapse. So when it found cracks on the masonry, regularly observation, timely check analysis, determining which belong to crack? Whether it is dangerous cracks? Here are several typical fracture morphology, in order to effectively analysis, judging and handling, and take corresponding measures.The classification of masonry crack: (a) settlement cracks. Housing construction uneven settlement of foundation, make produce additional stress inside wall body; When the stress in the wall of more than the ultimate tensile strength of masonry, first of all, there are settlement cracks in the wall of the weak, and along with the increase of uneven settlement and expanding, according to the failure pattern, common masonry settlement cracks are overall bending and shear cracks. Cracks, vertical cracks in oblique more, also has a horizontal crack. In most cases, the two diagonal inclined cracks through the window, in the only window seam width is bigger, to the sides and up and down narrow; Its direction is often from the side with the settlement to settling larger side up gradually. The fracture is mainly due to the uneven settlement make the wall shear stress is large, the tensile stress of masonry acceptor damage. Vertical cracks generally produced on vertical wall at the top or the bottom of the window sill. Vertical cracks on the top of the wall is due to the ends of the wall subsidence value is bigger, the middle sedimentation value smaller reverse bending make wall top tension situation of formation, upper seam width is often larger, narrowing down. In multi-storey buildings, when the underlying window is too wide, often because of uneven settlement houses and make the reverse bending windowsill, cause the windowsill in the vertical cracks. In order to prevent differential settlement of the foundation wall crack, can be from two aspects of treatment the upper structure and foundation.(1) find out the reasons and positions of foundation is weak, the foundation reinforcement, in order to control the uneven settlement of foundation and development;(2) improve the anti-cracking performance of masonry, such as improve mortar mark; The regions with reinforced; Increasing the number of reinforced concrete ring beam:(3) because of its high compression of the soft soil foundation settlement, the subsidence deformation under load after also sensitive. So. After the houses built on soft soil ground, when a significant phenomenon of uneven settlement, such as foundation and the upper wall structural integrity is good, also can take partial load and partial load reduction measures, such as the development of the control of uneven settlement, and the settlement of the foundation to stabilize.翻译：砌体常见裂缝的原因分析及预防摘要：工程实践中发现大量砌体结构出现裂缝，轻者影响美观，重者影响使用，因此对已开裂的砌体结构如何进行加固与处理显得非常迫切。